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| an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
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| in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relasxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing |
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| freud's theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motices and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions |
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| according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. |
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| information that is not conscious but is retrievable into conscious awareness |
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| what we want to do; according to freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; operates on the pleasure principle - immediate gratification |
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| "what we actually do" largely conscious, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. reality principle; satisfys desires in realistic ways to bring pleasure |
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| "what we should do" represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations |
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| the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones |
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| pleasure centers on the mouth (0-18 months) |
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| pleasure centers on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control, (18 months-3years) |
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| pleasure zone is the genitals; incestuous sexual feelings (3-6years) |
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| dormant sexual feelings, connecting with same sex (6-puberty) |
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| maturation of sexual feelings (puberty-life) |
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| according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father |
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| the process by which, according to freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos |
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| according to freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an eralier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved |
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| in psychoanalytical theory, the ego's protective methods of reduing anxierty by unconsciously distorting reality |
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| banishes anxiet-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from conciousness |
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| defense mechanisms by which the ego unconciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites |
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| people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others |
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| offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions |
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| shifts sexual/aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, redirecting anger |
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| people rechannel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities |
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| a personality test (Rorschach inkblot, TAT) that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics |
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| thematic apperception test (TAT) |
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| a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes |
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| the most widely used projective test, 10 inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach, seeks to identify people's inner feelings |
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| carl jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history |
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| a characteristic patter of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports |
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| neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness (OCEAN) |
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| minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) |
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| the most widely and clinically used of all personality tests; used to identify emotional disorders |
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| a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups |
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| according to maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physcial and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential |
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| maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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| physiological needs -> security -> belonging -> esteem -> self-actualization |
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| unconditional positive regard |
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| according to rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person |
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| all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the questions "who am i?" |
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| one's feelings of high or low self-worth |
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| a readiness to perveive oneself favorably |
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| giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications |
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| giving priority to the goals of one's group (oneten one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly |
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| the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors |
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| our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless |
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| external locus of control |
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| the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate |
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| internal locus of control |
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| the perception that one controls one's own fate |
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| the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal/human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
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| the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote conditions that enable individuals and communities to thrive |
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