Term
What is a Personality Disorder? |
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Definition
-Personality characteristics that are unchanging and occur in most settings
-Deviate from cultural norms
-Cause poor life functioning
-Long term traits; feel “natural” to the pt
-Many pts display only when under stress
FALLS UNDER AXIS II
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Term
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Definition
Begins to take shape in childhood
-Become fixed by early 20s
-Some occur after organic insult to brain (trauma)
-Some have biologic and/or genetic component
nE.g., schizotypal and borderline personality disorders
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Term
What facilitates DX of PD and what can it be confused with? |
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Definition
-Psychological Testing
-WAIS
-MMPI
-Bender-Gestalt
-Rorschach ink blot
Confused with:An Axis I disorder. Why??? B/C:
-Atypical and mixed types are common
-Some may grade into or be confused with Axis I dx
-Ex: Paranoid PD may appear to be paranoid schizophrenia
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Term
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Definition
PD pts often resist treatment
Change slowly
Occasionally respond to some treatment:
-Individual or group therapy
-Short-term use of antianxiety meds
-Low doses of major tranquilizers
-Some may require inpatient tx during periods of decompensation
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Term
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Definition
Adolescents (under 18) and children may receive PD dx except for Antisocial PD
Guidelines :The personality pattern must be stable and clear
Must be incompatible with an Axis I childhood disorder
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Term
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Definition
Ten Types, Three clusters
1.Odd eccentric
2.Dramatic, emotional, and erratic
3.Anxious, fearful
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Term
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Definition
1.Paranoid Personality Disorder
2.Schizoid Personality Disorder
3.Schizotypal Personality Disorder
nMnemonic: OPSS
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Term
What are characteristics of a pt with Paranoid PD , treatment and associations ? |
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Definition
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-Aloof; emotionally cold
-Unjustified suspiciousness
-Hostile; hypersensitive to slights
-Jealous; fears intimacy
-Grandiose, rigid, unforgiving, sarcastic, contentious, litigious
-Isolated and disliked
-Accept criticism poorly; blame others
Associated with:
-Chronic CNS impairment
-Drug abuse (amphetamines)
-Depression
-OCD
-Precursor to schizophrenia
Treatment:
-If psychotic decompensation occurs, major tranquilizers may be needed
-Otherwise, these pts rarely seek tx and therapy, including medication, is of little value
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Term
What are the characteristics of Schizoid PD? |
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Definition
nSeclusive
nLittle desire/capacity to form interpersonal relations
nDerive little pleasure from social/sexual contexts
nPrefer and perform well at solitary activities
nHave limited emotions; experience little pleasure
-Daydream excessively
-Humorless and detached
-“Loners” are not necessarily schizoid unless they have imparied functioning
-DO NOT have increased risk of developing schizophrenia!
Treatment is of little help.
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Term
PD? What are characteristics of Schizotypal and treatment. |
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Definition
They have features of schizoid pd:
Isolated, anhedonic, aloof
-In addition, these pts are “peculiar.”
-Relate strange intrapsychic experiences
-Have odd and magical beliefs; strange speech
-Frequently anxious
-Difficult to “get to know”
-Commonly co-occurs with Major Depressio
-Associated with increased incidence of schizophrenia in family members
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Term
What biological sx can occur with Schizotypal PD and treatment? |
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Definition
-Impaired eye tracking
-Increased CSF homovanillic acid
What is the treatment for Schizotypal PD?
-Low dose antipsychotics – may reduce flamboyant sx’s
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Term
What are the 4 PDs of the Dramatic, Emotional, and Erratic Cluster? |
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Definition
1.Antisocial PD
2.Borderline PD
3.Histrionic PD
4.Narcissistic PD
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