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| city beautiful movement; White City Chicago’s world fair; 1909 plan for Chicago (applied principles of monumental city design and City Beautiful Movement) |
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| garden city movement (to overcome social inequalities and economic inefficiencies of urban areas); author of Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898 |
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| plan for San Francisco (1904); worked with Burnham on 1909 plan of Chicago |
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| authored 1916 NYC zoning code |
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| Frederick Law Olmstead Sr. |
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| Central Park; believed that the city plan should include all land uses (both public and private) and should be updated often to ensure they remain relevant |
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| designed NY’s Central Park with Frederick Law Olmstead Sr. in 1851 |
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| Frederick Law Olmstead Jr. |
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| first president of the American City Planning Institute; prepared numerous plans (Detroit, Utica, Boulder, New Haven, Pittsburgh, Rochester, Newport) |
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| first full-time municipally employed planner, St. Louis; developed many early comp plans |
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| first full-time housing reformer in America; founder of the National Housing Association; led effort to improve tenement conditions |
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| original plan for Washington DC |
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| radiant city (skyscrapers for high density living and working, surrounded by commonly owned park space), superblocks, separated uses |
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| authored Urbanism as a Way of Life (1938); argued for urbanism and claimed density of cities influences behaviors in city |
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| advocate for building mega-structures that are partially underground leaving nature relatively undisturbed; Arcosanti Arizona is his major development project |
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| advocate for new urbanism; designed Seaside FL in 1982 |
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| wrote Edge City in 1991, edge city is a distinct place that has at least 5 mil sq ft of office, 600,000 sq ft of retail and more jobs than bedrooms |
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| authored Edgeless Cities in 2002, dominant urban form having large, isolated, suburban office complexes that are inaccessible by pedestrians and transit |
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| founder of the colony of Georgia; design for Savannah, complex gridiron with a main axis and interlinking gardens and squares |
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| first comprehensive plan Cincinnati; filed an amicus curiae brief in support of Euclid and comprehensive zoning; 1st president of ASPO |
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| early advocator of sprawling, decongested, auto-oriented development; authored Disappearing City (1932), which presented concept of Broadacre City (each home situated on an acre or more, each house has auto) |
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| headed US Resettlement Administration (New Deal program) |
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| housing activist in NYC; wrote How the Other Half Lives in 1890 and Children of the Poor (social reform) |
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| neighborhood unit concept, published concept in New York City and its Environs in 1929 |
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| founder of the communitarian movement (balance between rights and responsibilities and autonomy and order); authored the Spirit of Community |
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| Cleveland’s planning director (1969 |
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| father of advocacy planning; argued planners should not be value-neutral public servant, but should represent special interest groups |
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| design for Colombia Maryland; pioneered development of indoor shopping malls; rejuvenated several dying downtowns by introducing festival marketplaces (Fanueil Hall - Boston, Inner Harbor - Baltimore, South Street Seaport |
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| wrote the Geography of Nowhere, which provides a history of suburbia and urban development; leading proponent of new urbanism; recently wrote The Long Emergency, dealing with declining oil production and the end of industrialized society |
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| wrote the Science of Muddling Through; incremental planning, which acknowledged that changes are made in increments |
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| Back of Yards movement; advocacy planning; vision of planning centered on community organizing |
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| wrote Ladder of Participation (1969), which divided public participation and planning into 3 levels: non-participation, tokenism, and citizen power |
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| promoted use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design; wrote Social Life of Small Urban Spaces in 1980; coined the term “greenway” in his book the Last Landscape; pioneer on conservation easements |
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| authored Making City Planning Work (1985), describing what it takes to change American cities; authored Great Streets (1995), described qualities and quantities of features that characterize great streets (e.g. height of buildings, interesting facades, street trees, windows, design of intersections, street furniture, etc) |
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| Concentric ring theory (1925) |
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| Multiple Nuclei Theory (1945) |
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| Land Rent curve, bide rent theory (1960) |
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| conservation design, author of Design with Nature (1969); predecessor of the overlay of layers used in modern GIS |
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| historic preservation, wrote With Heritage so Rich in 1966 |
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| author of the Urban General Plan in 1964, classic textbook on history, purpose, scope, clients and use of comp plans |
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| brought attention to the negative effects of pesticides on the environment with her book Silent Spring written in 1962 |
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| critically looked at planners and planning, particularly the mistakes of urban renewal in her book Death and Life of Great American Cities written in 1961; advocated for mixed uses, short blocks, pedestrian-scale safety with eyes on the street |
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| defined basic concepts within the City (paths, edges, nodes, districts); wrote the Image of the City in 1960 |
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| wrote Urban Land Use Planning in 1957 (common textbook on land use planning) |
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| wrote Local Planning Administration in 1941 (first in the Greenbook series) |
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| wrote Planning of the Modern City in 1916 |
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| father of regional planning; wrote Cities in Evolution in 1915 |
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| wrote Carrying Out the City Plan in 1914 (1st major planning textbook) |
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| wrote Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago in 1912 (used as a textbook for 8th graders) |
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| 19th century plan for Paris |
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| concept of Satisficing (decision-making strategy attempting to meet criteria for adequacy, rather than an optimal solution) |
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| co-authored Urban Land Use Planning; land use strategies for hazard mitigation and environmental protection; quality of local land use plans |
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| designed Radburn, NJ ("town in which people could live peacefully with the automobile-or rather in spite of it") |
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| author of Man and Nature (1864), explored destructive impact of human action on environment and inspired conservation movement |
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| authored Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States (1878), plan that would enable settlement for the west while conserving water resources |
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| founded Sierra Club in 1892 to promote protection and preservation of environment |
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| America’s 1st professionally trained forester; first director of US Forest Service (1905); leader in conservation movement |
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| John Logan and Harvey Molotch |
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| City as a Growth Machine Theory (1987), urban development is directed by elite members of community who control resources and benefit from development |
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| Charles Mulford Robinson and George Kessler |
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| designed Denver’s parks and parkways system in 1906 |
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| influenced development of state parks and parkways in NY; helped establish the State Council of Parks in 1923 |
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| consensus building and collaborative planning; author of JAPA article, Planning Through Consensus Building: A New View of the Comprehensive Planning Ideal (Autumn 1996) |
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