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| Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War" |
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| an American abolitionist and author. Her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin was a depiction of life for African Americans under slavery; it reached millions as a novel and play |
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| the withdrawal from the Unionof 11 Southern states in the period 1860–61, which brought on theCivil War. |
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| Fort Sumter is a Third System masonry sea fort located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. The fort is best known as the site upon which the shots that started the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| the proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863,freeing the slaves in those territories still in rebellion against the Union. |
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| a borough in S Pennsylvania: Confederate forces defeated in a crucialbattle of the Civil War fought near here on July 1–3, 1863; nationalcemetery and military park. |
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| The Battle of Appomattox Court House, fought on the morning of April 9, 1865, was one of the last battles of the American Civil War. |
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| Jefferson Finis Davis was an American soldier and politician who was the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. |
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| Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States. As Commanding General, Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. |
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| Robert Edward Lee was an American soldier best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865 |
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| Frederick Douglass was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist orator, writer, and statesman. |
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| is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-known in American history. |
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| he period of time for which one is committed to military service |
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| generally refers to the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. |
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| were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from about 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. |
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The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865.
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The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Theamendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.
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The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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| the institution that elects the President and Vice President of the United States every four years. The President and Vice President are not elected directly by the voters. Instead, they are elected by "electors" who are chosen by popular vote on a state-by-state basis. |
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| was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era. |
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| were racial segregation state and local laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States that continued in force until 1965 mandating de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern U.S. states (of the former Confederacy), starting in 1890 with a "separate ... |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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| A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah. |
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| a man who has been freed from slavery. |
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Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862, theHomestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land.
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| llis Island is an island that is located in Upper New York Bay in the Port of New York and New Jersey, United States |
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| The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. |
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| a country, locality, or situation in which cultural assimilation results inblending the heritage and traditions of previously distinct ethnic groups |
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| the process of adapting or adjusting to the culture of a group or nation,or the state of being so adapted: |
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| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1952 |
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| In 1943, Congress passed a measure to repeal the discriminatory exclusion laws against Chinese immigrants and to establish an immigration quota for China of around 105 visas per year. As such, the Chinese were both the first to be excluded in the beginning of the era of immigration restriction and the first Asians to gain entry to the United States in the era of liberalization. |
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| Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 |
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The Emergency Quota Act, also known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, the Per CentumLaw, and the Johnson Quota Act (ch. 8, 42 Stat. 5 of May 19, 1921) restricted immigration into the United States.
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| the act or fact of urbanizing, or taking on the characteristics of a city |
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| is an independent legal entity owned by shareholders. This means that the corporation itself, not the shareholders that own it, is held legally liable for the actions and debts the business incurs. |
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| was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. |
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| Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. |
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| Alexander Graham Bell was an eminent Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. |
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| The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane |
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| Assembly Line Manufacturing |
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| A line of factory workers and equipment along which a product being assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed. Note: Assembly lines are found in many industries but are particularly associated with automobilemanufacturing. |
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| Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. |
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| Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He built a leadership role as a philanthropist for America and the British Empire. |
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| John Pierpont "J.P." Morgan was an American financier, banker, philanthropist and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time |
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| John Davison Rockefeller Sr. was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. |
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| the sobriquet Commodore, was an American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping |
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| the theory or system of government that upholds the autonomouscharacter of the economic order, believing that government shouldintervene as little as possible in the direction of economic affairs. |
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| an economic system in which investment in and ownership of themeans of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made andmaintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially ascontrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. |
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| treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of oragainst, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category towhich that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit |
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| the institutional separation of an ethnic, racial, religious, or otherminority group from the dominant majority. |
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| to put to death, especially by hanging, by mob action and without legalauthority. |
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| 163 U.S. 537 (1896), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". |
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| was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970. |
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| Ida Bell Wells-Barnett was an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, and an early leader in the civil rights movement. |
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| Booker Taliaferro Washington was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community |
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| William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community |
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| The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909. |
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| the doctrines and beliefs of the Progressive party. |
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| a fair bargain or treatment. |
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| The first comprises the campaign speeches and promises of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential campaign; it called for limited government. |
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| was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. American wages, especially for skilled workers, were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants |
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| disparaging term dating back to the 12th century which refers to: 1. Unscrupulous feudal lords who amassed personal fortunes by using illegal and immoral business practices, such as illegally charging tolls to passing merchant ships. |
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the principle or practice of referring measures proposed or passed by alegislative body to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection.
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| the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do. |
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| to call back; summon to return: |
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| a preliminary election to appoint delegates to a party conference or to select the candidates for a principal, especially presidential, election. |
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| a preliminary election to appoint delegates to a party conference or to select the candidates for a principal, especially presidential, election. |
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| to the United States Constitution established the election of United States Senators by the people of the states. Theamendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. |
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a ballot in which votes are cast in secret.
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| the action of searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people in an underhanded way. |
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| passed over many decades, beginning in the 1830s, by state and federal governments, forbidding the employment of children and young teenagers, except at certain carefully specified jobs. |
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| officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly. |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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| (AFL) was the first federation of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in May 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights ofLabor, a national labor association. |
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| Samuel Gompers was an English-born American cigar maker who became a Georgist labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history |
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| (ARU) was the largest labor union of its time, and one of the first industrialunions in the United States. |
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