Term
| What are the 3 types of fluid losses? |
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Definition
1. Insensible (ie sweating & through the respiratory tract)
2. Evaporative
3. Loss through urine & feces |
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Term
| What conditions result in increased fluid needs in pediatric patients? (13) |
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Definition
| Fever (incr needs by 12% q 1degC), vom, diarrhea, high output renal failure, DI, DKA, burns, shock, tachypnea, radiant warmer (preemies), photo tx (bb's), post op bowel surg (for gastrochisis & omphalocele) |
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Term
| What conditions result in decreased fluid needs in pediatric patients? |
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Definition
| CHF, SIADH, mechanical ventilation, post op pts, oliguric renal failure, incr icp |
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Term
| How do you calculate the daily fluid reqs for a patient between 1 and 10 kg? |
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Definition
100 ml/kg
**remember 1kg= 2.2lbs so 10kg = 22lbs** |
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Term
| How do you calculate the daily fluid reqs for the pt weighing bt 11 and 20 kg? |
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Definition
| 1000mL + 50 mL/kg for each kg over 10 kg |
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Term
| How do you calculate the daily fluid reqs for a pt that weighs over 20 kg? |
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Definition
| 1500 mL + 20 mL/kg for each kg over 20 kg |
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Term
| You have a bb that weighs 6 kg and is running a fever 1 deg C over their baseline temp. Calculate the bb's daily fluid reqs. |
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Definition
Baseline needs: 6 kg * 100 mL/kg= 600 mL
Needs dt incr temp= 600 mL * 1.12 = 672 mL
**Answer= 672 mL** |
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Term
| Describe the changes in TBW% from birth to adulthood. |
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Definition
| Fetuses are mostly water and thus have a high TBW%. As the bb grows and develops, the amt of fat, musc, and bone incr and as a consequence, the TBW% decreases. Babies also have a greater amt of fluid in the ECF. Overtime, this fluid will shift to the ICF. At puberty, the girl will have a lower TBW% than the boy bc boys have more muscle and less fat than girls. |
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Term
| Why are pediatric patients more susceptible to fluid imbalances as compared with the adult patient? |
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Definition
| incr ecf, incr sa/v (5x in preemie, 2-3x in bb), proportionally longer gi tract, incr met rt (incr waste & excr + incr heat production & insensible loss), immature kidneys (can't conc/dilute urine, can't cons/excr na+, can't acidify urine), proportionally incr fluid requirements |
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