Peer Interaction

Works well in Groups

-Slows and Strengthens the Heart Rate

-Check Apical and withhold if less than 60

Griseofulvin-

-Def.

-Give with what food and why

-Anti-fungal

-Give with milk for absorbtion 

1. Accomplishment

2. Enjoy

1. Altered thought process

2. Sudden behavior changes

3. Behavior not associated with reality

1. Psychological profile tests

2. Tests to rule out any physical cause

1. Illness that dissapears as soon as they are permitted to stay at home

2. Strong attachment to parent (Usually Mom)

1. Rule out any physical problems

2. Get back into school

3. Couseling

4. Show Love and kindness

5. This is typically out grown

1. Idiopathic

2. Chemical imbalance

3. Inadequate relationship

1. Mild to severe

2. Temper Tantrums

3. Does not live in reality

4. Ritualistic

5. Limited Development

1. Based on returning child's behavior to reality

2. Various Approaches

3. Behavior is very stressful for others

1. No guarantee child can become functional

1. Mental Status Changes

2. Changes in level of consciousness

3. Motor and sensory function changes

4. Abnormal reflexes

5. Cranial function reflexes

1. complete neurological exam
2. EEG
3. Imaging studies
4. Lumbar puncture
5. Blood and urine testing

Other names for minimal brain dysfunction

1. dyslexia
2. hyperactivity
3. the slow learner

1. biochemical imbalance
2. brain damage
3. impaired parent/child relationship
4. food additives

1. School years
2. 5-20 % of children effected
3. males more than females
4. normal to above intelligence

1. hyperactivity
2. problem with coordination
3. language and symbol impairment
4. involuntary minor movements

1. individualized
2. complex and multi-disciplinary

1. Idiopathic (Primary)

2. Secondary- infection

3. Trauma

4. Tumor

5. Organic

1. Major motor seizure

1. Involuntary violent contraction leading to loss of consciousness

2. Falls

3. Pupils dialate

4. Brief cry as air is forced out of lungs

5. May bite tongue, void, or have BM

6. Lasts 40 secs.

1. Alternate contraction and relaxing

2. lasts indefintely

1. Headache

2. Confused

3. Exhausted

1. last seconds only
2. Momentary Loss of consciousness
3. stares, does not fall, may roll eyes or move mouth
4. alert immediately afterwards but do not remember having seizures
5. Occurs frequently during day
6. may decrease or stop at adolescense
7. hyperventialtion may cause absence seizure but NOT Grand mal

1. Momentary Loss of consciousness and muscle tone

1. sudden muscle jerking without LOC

1. wet

2. blood

1. Inappropriate repetitive actions

2. May have LOC for a few minutes

3. Progressive Disorder

Tx. of seizures is possible for _%

and What type of meds. with one example

1. 85

2. Anticonvulsants

3. Dilantin

1. excessive growth of gum tissues
2. redness

1. Seldom Die

2. Chronic to control

3. Continue to have seizures

4. May have personality changes

1. INcreased ICP
2. N/V
3. anorexia
4. muscle incoordination
5. Decreased muscle tone
6. senosory loss
7. dependant upon location of tumor

1. Surgery if possible
2. chemo/rad
3. be alert for convulsions

S & S of altered respitory dysfunction

1. Dyspnea
2. Anxiety
3. coughing
4. wheezing (particularly on expiration)
5. Fatigue
6. retraction

1. pulmonary function
2. x-ray
3. MCL
4. skin sensitivity testing

1. pollen
2. dust
3. animal dander
4. insect bites
5. drugs
6. tobacco smoke
7. shellfish
8. chocolate
9. milk

1. Hx from caregiver
2. skin testing
3. elimination diet
4. immuno globuling lab testing

1. avoid allergens
2. hypo sensitization for resp. allergies
3. antihistamines

Two other names for Allergic Rhinitis

1. Hay fever

2. Rose fever

1. Dander

2. Dust

1. Pollen

2. Mold

1. watery nasal discharge- sniffling- allergic salute
2. post nasal drip-mouth breathers
3. sneezing
4. conjunctivitis
5. itching eyes and nose
6. darkness under eyes and nose
7. worse in AM and improves during day

1. antihistamines
2. decongestants
3. allergen shots

1. reaction leads to spasm
2. leads to narrowing of airways
3. plus increased mucus and edema
4. leads to resp. obstruction

1. expiratory wheeze d/t spasm
2. SOB-hacky cough
3. Increased resp. rate
4. cyanosis
5. attacks often at night

Status Asthmaticus Def.

1. Bronchdialators
2. Breathing excercises to improve resp. functioning and help control attacks (incentive spirometer)
3. increase fluids and humidity
4. emotional support
5. avoid fatigue
6. may out grow this

Two examples of Bronchodialators

1. Alupent

2. Brethine

1. hyperactive
2. N/V
3. headaches
4. diuresis
5. tremors leading to seizures

1. Abdominal pain
2. N/V
3. Fever
4. Diarrhea
5. Constipation
6. Anemia
7. Wt loss

1. blood tests
2. fecal studies
3. upper/lower GI

1. difficult to evaluate in the young, bc it may also mimmick other illnesses
2. pain with tenderness RLQ or it can be generalized over umbilicus
3. N/V
4. Low grade fever
5. constipation
6. restless and irritable
7. Increased WBC (14,000-16,000)
8. Often ruptured in the lung which leads to peritonitis

1. observation to rule out other conditions
2. no laxatives or enemas
3. NPO and IV fluids
4. Ice to belly

1. incentive spirometer
2. usually rapid recovery
3. usual post-op abd. care

Pinworm is white, threadlike and and less than __ inch long

1. eggs get swallowed
2. eggs hatch in intestine
3. mature in cecum
4. female crawls out the anus
5. eggs laid by female in peritoneum and vagina
6. itches whiche leads to scartching and reinfestation
7. eggs are in bedding and food
8. life cycle of pinworms are 6-8 weeks

1. can have none
2. intense anal itching at night
3. restless
4. can have s & s of appendicitis
5. wt loss

1. wind tape around tongue blade or finger
2. swab anus
3. tape examined to show eggs

1. Scotch tape test
2. Adult worms may be seen with flashlight at night while child is sleeping

1. Handwashing before and after meals and after stools
2. frequent changes of udnerwear and bedding (wash in HOT water)

1. wash linen and clothes in hot H2O
2. anthelmintic meds
3. Treat all members of family at same time
4. In Hospital, use bedpan (NO SHARING OF BATHROOM)

1. Mebendazole (Vermox)
2. Piperazine (antepar)
3. expel worms in stool

1. 9-12 inches

2. pink/white

3. earthworm

Process of roundworms (3 steps)

1. eggs hatch in intestine and migrate to lungs and liver
2. larvae from lungs move to bronchi which are swallowed, takes two months to mature
3. eggs expelled in stool

1. Unsanitary conditions

2. Dirt 

1. Can be none
2. bowel obstruction
3. colicky pain
4. N/V
5. Restless Sleep

1. Vomits worms
2. microscopic exam of stool which checks for ova and parasite

1. Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth)
2. Antepar (Piperazine) and other meds
3. Improved hygiene and sanitation so do not reinfect

Hookworms

__ of the worlds population is infested with ____ or _____ 

1. 1/4
2. Hookworms
3. Roundworms

1. Larvae hatch in stook, ground, soil
2. Larvae enter through barefeet and go to blood or lymph system
3. enter lungs go to pharynx and are swallowed.  May enter by mouth but not usually and attach to mucosa

1. itching dermatitis where larvae enter the feet
2. anemia b/c they suck the blood from the intestine
3. malnutrition
4. GI symptoms

1. bed wetting beyond age of control
2. lapses of bowel training

1. Cystoscopy
2. rectal elimination
3. blood and urine studies
4. lower GI
5. barium enema

1. Common up to 7 yrs or 10+ years

2. Males more than females 

1. physcological: too much emphasis on toilet training, they resent it, attention getter
2. physical cause
3. very sound sleeper does not recognize signals to pee

1. Rule out physical cause (problems with bladder nocturnal seizures)
2. find emotional cause and treat it
3. don't nag or punish the child
4. awaken them periodically to void
5. limit fluids after supper
6. moisture alarm
7. Meds.

1. Impramine (Trofranil) which inhibits urination on short term basis only with SE of mood and sleep distburances can have be toxic and potentially lethal in low does and is not given to children under 6 years of age

2. Desmopressin (DDAVP) spray which is an antidiuretic hormone that inhibits urine production but is expensive (100 a month)