Term
| How to preschooler's react to pain? |
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Definition
| They withdraw or hide -- view pain as punishment. |
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Term
| Adolescents tend to ____________ when it comes to dealing with pain. |
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Definition
| Fear loss of control; shut down communication. |
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Term
| It would be appropriate to describe an injury as a "boo boo" or "owie" with which age group? |
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Definition
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Term
| The FLACC scale would be appropriate for which age group? |
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Definition
| Infants. Consists of face, arms, legs, cry, consolability. |
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Term
| The nurse uses a pain scale which requires the child to point to a face that looks like theirs. Which scale is this and what age group is it for? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child is saying to herself "the pain is quick, the pain is quick, the pain is quick" just before an injection. This is an example of _________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When a child learns to control their pain from within. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pain management device that has electrodes for the body which deliver small shocks. |
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Term
| What pain medications cannot be given to children? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age is it safe to give ibuprofen to children? |
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Definition
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Term
| A mother wants to know what she can do to help prevent skin rashes on her child. What do you suggest? |
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Definition
| Keeping the child's fingernails clipped, washing hands often, cool baths if needed. |
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Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of sepsis in children? |
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Definition
| Hypotension, high WBC, fever, confusion. |
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Term
| What is scarlet fever and how is it treated? |
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Definition
A fever resulting from strep throat. S&S: red rash on the face and trunk that looks like sunburn but feels like sandpaper.
Treat with antibiotics. |
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Term
| Scarlet fever is no longer contagious after ________ hours of treatment. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of precautions should a patient with Diptheria be on? |
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Definition
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Term
| A mother brings in her baby complaining of a cold for the past 10 days who is now coughing and gasping. What do you suspect? |
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Definition
| Pertussis / Whooping cough. |
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Term
| A client presenting with lock jaw and stiff neck likely has what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some sources of tetanus? |
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Definition
| Dirt, dust, soil, rust, feces. |
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Term
| When can a child with chicken pox return to school? |
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Definition
| When their lesions have crusted over. |
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Term
| What condition is characterized by Koplik's spots (bright red spots with blue centers on mucosa) and cough? |
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Definition
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Term
| A red rash beginning on the face and moving downward is indicative of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fifth's disease comes and goes with ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes sixth disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Cat scratch disease is characterized by swollen parotid glands and is contagious. |
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Definition
| False. It is NOT contagious. It IS characterized by swollen parotid glands. |
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Term
| What type of worm is transmitted through pores in the feet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ringworm and Pinworm are spread ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are scabies and headlice spread? |
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Definition
| Direct contact. Put on contact precautions! |
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Term
| Childhood cancers most commonly affects the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some nursing considerations for children on chemotherapy? |
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Definition
| Wear mask in public, no large crowds, manage nausea and vomiting, body image, etc. |
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Term
| What are the two types of leukemia? Describe each. |
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Definition
ALL- abnormal lymphoblasts in bone marrow deprive WBC of nutrients.
AML- worse! Affects myeloid cells in bone marrow and is less responsive to tx. |
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Term
| Prognosis for children with leukemia is based on _______. |
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Definition
| WBC count at time of diagnosis. |
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Term
| What is a tumor on the adrenal glands called? |
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Definition
| Neuroblastoma. Usually in kids <5 y.o. |
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Term
| True or False: A Wilm's Tumor can be palpated and is a tumor within the kidney. |
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Definition
| True! Treatment involved removing the kidney. |
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Term
| True of False: After surgical removal of a kidney to treat kidney cancer, a child is cured and no longer needs chemotherapy. |
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Definition
| False. They need to remain on chemotherapy for some time. |
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Term
| What medications can be given in an ETT tube? |
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Definition
| LEAN! Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, and Narcan. |
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Term
| Describe proper CPR for an infant vs. a child. |
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Definition
Infant: 30 compressions to 2 breaths. Two fingers used.
Children: 30 compressions to 2 breaths. Palms of hands used. |
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Term
How long should children be in a rear facing car seat?
How about a booster seat? |
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Definition
2 years old.
8th birthday. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tape used to measure a child's height in order to determine emergency treatment and medications/dosages. |
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Term
| How old must a child be to have an AED used on them? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Trauma to a child's lungs from too forceful or too fast of bag ventilation. |
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Term
| How long should a child remain in bed with their leg straight post cardiac cath? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot? |
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Definition
| VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding aorta, and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy. |
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Term
| During a "tet fit", what will a child do? |
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Definition
| Squat to increase blood return to the heart! |
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Term
| What is tricuspid atresia and how would we treat it? |
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Definition
The tricuspid valve never developed or is underdeveloped.
Give prostaglandin E. |
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Term
| What heart defect causes a loud holosystolic murmur on the left sternal border? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Atrial septal defect, hole between the two atriums. |
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Term
| What do the heart sounds of a child with a patent ductus arteriosis sound like? |
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Definition
| Harsh machine like murmur. |
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Term
| What drug do we give for PDA? |
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Definition
| Indomethacin to close the hole. |
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Term
| How do we treat coarction of the aorta, aortic stenosis, and pulmonary stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are caring for a baby who is very blue and does not improve with oxygen. He is diagnosed with a heart defect and scheduled for surgery. What do you suspect he has? |
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Definition
Transposition of the Great Vessels.
Give prostaglandin E until surgery! |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Baby is born without left side of heart. |
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Term
| Which heart defect is the greatest emergency? |
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Definition
| HLHS. Must have a heart transplant to survive!! |
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Term
| Roth's spots are indicative of which acquired heart defect? |
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Definition
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Term
| After strep throat, children are at risk for which acquired heart problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define chorea and what illness it is associated with. |
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Definition
Jerky movements of the face and upper extremities.
Rheumatic fever. |
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Term
| A child presents with fissured lips, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and peeling skin. His temp has been 104 for 5 days. What do you suspect? How do you treat? |
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Definition
Kawasaki Disease.
IVIG and high dose aspirin. |
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Term
| What 3 complications can result from kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
Coronary artery stenosis.
Coronary artery thrombosis.
Coronary artery aneurysm. |
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Term
| Children are nose breathers until ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: See-saw respirations occur just before lag, which occur just before respiratory arrest. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: It is concerning if a child in preschool has 6 colds in a year. |
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Definition
| False. It is normal for kids to have 6-9 colds/year. |
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Term
| A barking seal cough is indicative of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child is sitting with their neck extended and decreased breath sounds. What should you avoid? |
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Definition
Putting anything in their throat!
DON'T POKE THE BEAR!
Blow by oxygen is best. |
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Term
| Tachypnea is a (late or early) sign of respiratory distress. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Grunting and croaking are (late or early) signs of respiratory distress. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the best emergency treatment for croup? What can be done in the home? |
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Definition
Racemic Epi.
Can provide moisture in the home. |
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Term
| How is epiglottitis diagnosed? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What position should be avoided with epiglottitis? |
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Definition
| Supine, child's airway becomes obstructed. |
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Term
| What causes epiglottitis? |
|
Definition
| The flu. It is life threatening! Give 100% oxygen! |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Who is at the highest risk for RSV? |
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Definition
| The younger the patient, the higher the risk. |
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Term
Parents want to know how to prevent foreign body aspiration in their children. You suggest:
a) They provide liquids frequently.
b) Avoid feeding them popcorn or peanuts until 3 years old.
c) Avoid feeding them cake or ice cream until 3 years old.
d) Be sure to keep liquids in reach of children. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a respiratory disorder of newborns resulting in decreased surfactant? |
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Definition
| Respiratory distress syndrome. |
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Term
| List some risk factors for SIDs. |
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Definition
| Belly sleeping, Cosleeping, Siblings dies of SIDs, Maternal smoking, Soft mattress, Addicted baby, African descent, Multiple births. |
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|
Term
| What are "rescue" drugs for asthma? |
|
Definition
Albuterol and Atrovent.
MONITOR HEART RATE! |
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Term
| A patient with cystic fibrosis requires ________ three times a day and ________ before every meal and snack. |
|
Definition
Chest PT.
Pancreatic enzymes. |
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|
Term
| Patients with cystic fibrosis should be on a ______ calorie ______ protein diet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of cystic fibrosis? What is the prognosis? |
|
Definition
Mucous plugs that cannot be expelled or coughed up easily, salty skin.
30-40 years. |
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Term
| What are the female hormones? How about male? |
|
Definition
Estrogen and progesterone for female.
Testosterone and androgens for male. |
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Term
| Hypopituitarism is also known as _______ and hyperpiruitarism is also known as ______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Describe the purpose of a bone age scan for a patient with hypopituitarism? |
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Definition
| To determine the age of the bones and therefore the actual age of the child. |
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|
Term
| What drug is given for hypopituitarism? When should it be given? |
|
Definition
Somatropin (growth hormone).
Give at night. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Corticosteroids should be given on a full stomach. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is given for hyperpituitarism go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In hyperpituitarism, the skeleton and the organs grow. |
|
Definition
| False: only the skeleton grows. |
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Term
| Precious puberty is considered before _____ years old for girls and before _____ years old for boys. |
|
Definition
<7 for girls.
<9 for boys. |
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Term
| Delayed puberty is considered after ______ years old for girls and after ______ years old for boys. |
|
Definition
>13 for girls.
>14 for boys. |
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|
Term
| True or False: It is normal for boys to have mild breast development during puberty. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Dark skin, abnormal genitalia, salt wasting, and decreased growth are all S&S of _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The only true way to know the gender of a child with ambiguous genitalia is by _______. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is cogenital adrenal hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
| The adrenal glands fail to make cortisol! |
|
|
Term
| What electrolyte imbalances can be seen with adrenal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
Hyperkalemia.
Hyponatremia.
Hypoglycemia.
Hypotension. |
|
|
Term
| ________ can be given while the baby is in utero for ambiguous genitalia. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Hydrocortisone and Fludrocortisone work in treating CAH by _______. |
|
Definition
| Decreasing ACTH and increasing Cortisol. |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of adrenal crisis? |
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Definition
| Vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, tachycardia, hypotension, hyperkalemia. |
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|
Term
| What medication is given during adrenal crisis? |
|
Definition
Solucortef injection!
Also give IV fluids of D5W. |
|
|
Term
| What is Cushing's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is at risk for secondary adrenal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
| People who have been on steroids for a long time or who have had kidneys removed. |
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|
Term
| How is lymes disease spread? |
|
Definition
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