Term
| Children grow in a _______ and _______ manner. |
|
Definition
Cephalocaudal
Proximal distal |
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Term
| On a TSU unit, medical treatments and procedures should be done where? |
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Definition
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Term
| When it is appropriate to not tell the parents of a minor about care? |
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Definition
The child is requesting information about STDs/pregnancy.
The parents do not have legal rights to the child.
The child is emancipated or 18 years of age. |
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Term
| Describe the 3 infant temperaments. |
|
Definition
Easy- predictable, positive, even tempered.
Difficult- irritable, highly active, intense, easily frustrated.
Slow to warm up- moody, less active, irregular reactions. |
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|
Term
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Definition
| Ability for a child to cope or "bounce back" from an illness or traumatic event. |
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Term
| A parent who has little control over the child and allows them to do whatever they please has a _______ parenting style. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which is a better parenting style for children, authoritarian or authoritative? Why? |
|
Definition
Authoritative. In this style the parents respect the child and involve them in decisions.
In authoritarian parenting the parents are strict and do not give the child any say. |
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Term
| Spanking and telling a child they were a "bad boy" are examples of ________. |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Ongoing learning experience which rewards good behavior. |
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Term
| A child comes down with the flu and now has antibodies again that particular flu strand. This is an example of _____ immunity. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Immunity passed from mother to child is _____ immunity. |
|
Definition
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Term
| What would be an appropriate visual test for an infant? |
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Definition
| Black and white boxes held in front of face for tracking. |
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Term
| What age group is most appropriate to use an Allen chart or Tumbling E chart with? |
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Definition
| Preschoolers - tests vision. |
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Term
| A school age child should have their vision tested how and how often? |
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Definition
| Snellen chart - at every doctors visit and at school. |
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|
Term
| When is a child's first hearing test done? |
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Definition
| The first test is done in the hospital after birth. The rest are done at school. Hearing loss is common in infants! |
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Term
| Describe the normal vaccinations to be delivered at a two month well child visit. |
|
Definition
2nd Hep B.
1st RV.
1st DTaP.
1st IPV.
1st HIB.
1st PCV. |
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|
Term
| Flu vaccinations are given yearly beginning at what age? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| At what age are MMR, Varicella, and Hep A vaccinations started? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When should a child get their 4 DTaP shots? |
|
Definition
| 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15 months. |
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|
Term
| When should a child get their 3 Hep B shots? |
|
Definition
| Birth, 2 months, 6 months. |
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|
Term
| When are children screened for iron deficiency anemia? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Metabolic screening is done at _____ of age and tests for ______ disorders. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A common side effect of the RV vaccine that worries parents is _______. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What route should a 6 month old receive their flu shot? |
|
Definition
Injection.
No nasal spray for 6 month olds. |
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|
Term
| True or False: There is a direct correlation between immunizations and autism. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What muscle should a 6 month old be given an injection in? How many mLs can be injected here? |
|
Definition
Vastus lateralis (thigh)
No more than 1mL per site! |
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|
Term
| True or False: It is the right of the parents to refuse to vaccinate their child. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Upon assessing the newborn, the nurse notes a small patch of hair at the base of the spine. The nurse interprets this as _________. |
|
Definition
Spina Bifida Occulta.
Benign! |
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Term
| What is the difference between a meningocele and a myelomeningocele? |
|
Definition
A meningocele is when only the meninges break through the skin.
A myelomeningocele is more severe in that the meninges AND spinal cord break through and the child is paralyzed below the point of injury. |
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|
Term
| After birth, what is the priority nursing action to prevent infection in a child with a meningocele? |
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Definition
| Cover the meningocele with a wet sterile dressing. |
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|
Term
| What positions can a baby with a myelomeningocele be placed in? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Gower's sign, when a child tripods to try and stand up, is indicative of what neurological disorder? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. |
|
Definition
| Duchennes. Begins in the limbs and trunk. |
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|
Term
| Describe how muscular dystrophy is diagnosed and some treatments. |
|
Definition
Diagnosed at preschool age by progressive muscle wasting.
Will treat with corticosteroids to slow disease progression; will eventually die from heart or lung muscle wasting. |
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|
Term
| What is the priority focus when planning care for a child with Spinal Muscular Atrophy type II? |
|
Definition
Respiratory.
Will die of respiratory failure eventually. |
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Term
| It is important to have _______ in the room for kids with SMA type II. |
|
Definition
| Trach/mechanical ventilator. |
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|
Term
| True or False: Cerebral palsy is a genetic neuron disease. |
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Definition
| False. SMA type II is a genetic neuron disease. Cerebral palsy is acquired by birth trauma, head injury, dec. O2 to brain, shaken baby, suctioning, or forceps delivery. |
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|
Term
| Describe the 4 types of movement associated with cerebral palsy. |
|
Definition
Spastic- most common.
Athetoid/Dyskinetic- worm like.
Ataxic- effects balance and depth perception.
Mixed- combo of movements. |
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|
Term
| Describe proper positioning of a child in Bryant's traction. |
|
Definition
| Supine with legs straight in the air and bottom slightly lifted off the bed. |
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|
Term
| Describe some activities a child in Russell's or Buck's traction can do. |
|
Definition
| Coloring, video games, reading, etc. NOT WAGON RIDES! :) |
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Term
| _______ is the number one sign of fracture in children. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A child with a cast on is experiencing severe pain unrelieved by medication. His fingers are pale and he is crying. What do you suspect and how do you treat it? |
|
Definition
Compartment syndrome.
Remove the cast. |
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Term
| True or false: A striker saw could cut a child and should be used with caution. |
|
Definition
| False. Cannot cut the child. |
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|
Term
| What should be worn when using a striker saw? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Why are children at risk for cervical injuries? |
|
Definition
| They have big heads in comparison to their bodies and their cervical spine is mobile. |
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Term
| A child with a back brace for scoliosis must wear it for ______ hours per day. |
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Definition
| 23. May only remove to bathe. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A curvature of the spine. Tested for in school. Typically in teenagers. Can be treated with braces or surgery. |
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|
Term
| What are some ways to test for hip dysplasia? |
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Definition
| Checking for symmetry for legs, knee height, abduction, adduction, etc. |
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|
Term
| What is a Pav Harness and when would we use it? |
|
Definition
It is a harness to treat hip dysplasia in children less than 6 months old.
If older than 6 months, do closed reduction surgery. |
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|
Term
| What is the difference between a greenstick, buckle, and a complete fracture? |
|
Definition
Greenstick- incomplete fracture, does not break all the way through.
Buckle- a compression injury.
Complete- bone breaks into two pieces. |
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Term
| A 12 year old child has a sternum that protrudes. He is crying and wants to know when he will grow out of it. What is this called and what do you say to him? |
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Definition
| This is called pectus carinatum. It does not dissolve with growth. Will correct surgically later in life. |
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|
Term
| What is pectus excavatum? |
|
Definition
| "Pigeon Chest" - the sternum caves in. Does not resolve with growth. Will do surgery to fix later in life. |
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|
Term
| What is osteogenesis imperfecta and what are some treatment options? |
|
Definition
| It is genetic low bone mass in children. Treatment includes PT, OT, and biophosphate drugs. |
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Term
| You assessing a 9 month old and notice that his left foot curves inward. He is diagnosed with cogenital clubfoot. What do you teach the parents about treatment for their child? |
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Definition
| He may have casting to try and fix it and he may need to wear shoe braces later in life. |
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|
Term
| Why are children at high risk for GI tract infections? |
|
Definition
| Shorter GI tract. Also do not have all of their natural flora yet. |
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|
Term
| When would it be appropriate to use the "double diapering" technique? |
|
Definition
| To obtain a stool specimen from a baby boy. |
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|
Term
| How might you obtain a stool or urine specimen from a baby girl? |
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Definition
| A bag that sticks to their bottom or front genitals. |
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Term
| True or False: Babies with cleft lip and palate cannot be breast fed. |
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Definition
| False. They CAN be breastfed. However, it may be difficult. Special bottles and devices can help. |
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|
Term
| What is the best intervention to assist with bonding between a mother and newborn? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the difference between an omphalocele and gastroschisis? |
|
Definition
Omphalocele is all of the organs in a sac outside of the body.
Gastroschisis is some or all organs with NO sac outside the body. This is an EMERGENCY! |
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|
Term
| A baby weighs 25kg and is severely dehydrated. How much fluid will you give them in the next 24 hours? At what rate will you set your pump? |
|
Definition
100mL/kg for 1st 10kg. (1000mL)
50mL/kg for 2nd 10kg. (500mL)
20mL/kg for remaining kg. (100mL)
Answer: 1,600mL/24hr for a 25kg baby!
Run over 66.7mL/hr |
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|
Term
| A 3 week old baby presents with sunken fontanels, tachycardia, pale mucosa, and a normal BP. What stage of dehydration is this? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| List some symptoms of severe dehydration. |
|
Definition
| Hypotension, tachycardia, cool dusky skin, delayed cap refill, tenting skin turgor, dry mucosa, deeply sunken orbits and fontanels, alert to comatose. |
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|
Term
| What are probiotics, such as yogurt, helpful in treating? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You are assessing a 5 month old breastfed baby and notice a layer of white substance on his tongue that does not wipe away. What is this and what medication do you predict will be ordered? |
|
Definition
Thrush aka Oral Candidias (yeast infection).
Niastatin for baby's mouth AND mom's nipples. |
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|
Term
| The very tired parents of a baby who has been projectile vomiting for 3 weeks come into your place of work asking about treatments. What disorder is this and what treatment do you educate them about? |
|
Definition
Pyloric stenosis.
Elective pylorectomy is the number one treatment. |
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Term
| ________ is when the intestine telescopes back onto itself, causing PAIN and jelly like stools. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What treatment will we try for intussusception before emergency surgery is required? |
|
Definition
| Barium enemas. It may not work permanently in which case surgery is required. |
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|
Term
| Define Hirschsprung Disease and how it is treated. |
|
Definition
| Absense of ganglion cells cause decreased motility and bowel death. Main symptom is constipation and treatment is a bowel resection, often ending with a colostomy. |
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|
Term
| Children with short gut syndrome have _______ nutritional needs. |
|
Definition
| Increased due to the lack of surface area for absorption of nutrients! |
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|
Term
| Gluten intolerance is called ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe what a child with celiac disease may look like. |
|
Definition
| Distended abdomen with wasted extremities and buttocks. |
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|
Term
Which of the following meals is ALLOWED for a celiac disease child?
a) Canned baked beans and baked chicken.
b) Wheat toast and eggs.
c) Baked potato and rice.
d) Creamed veggies and frozen yogurt. |
|
Definition
C) Baked potato and rice.
Wheat products, creamed/breaded veggies, canned baked beans, french fries, pie filling, dried fruit, licorice, and alcohol are NOT allowed. |
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|
Term
| You observe the student nurse cover a baby's bladder extrophy with sterile gauze. She then asks you what happens next. What is your response? |
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Definition
| The baby will require surgical correction of the bladder placed back into her body OR complete removal, in which case she will get a urostomy. |
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Term
| A baby boy is born with his urethra on the top tip of his penis. The parents are concerned, what is your response? |
|
Definition
This is called epispadias and can be corrected surgically with ease.
If it had been on the bottom of the penis, it would be called hypospadias. |
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|
Term
| At what age are children typically potty trained by? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A child who is potty trained has an episode of enuresis while at the hospital. How do you interpret this finding? |
|
Definition
| Normal. Children may wet themselves or have night time episodes while under stress, such as being in the hospital. |
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Term
| A child presents with proteinurea, hypoalbuminemia, edema, orbital swelling, and an infection. What do you suspect and what treatments do you predict? |
|
Definition
Nephrotic syndrome- increased glomerular basement membrane permeability causing protein loss in urine and fluid in the interstitial space.
Treat with steroids, albumin, diuretics, and immunosuppressants. |
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|
Term
| Cryptorchidism puts males at high risk for _____ if untreated. |
|
Definition
Testicular cancer.
This is when one testicle does not descend. |
|
|
Term
| What puts a child at risk for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? |
|
Definition
Strep throat!
Common in 5-6 y.o. males. |
|
|
Term
| Children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis should NOT be given _____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| List some risk factors and symptoms of lead poisoning. |
|
Definition
Risks: Old homes, old pipes, soil, clothing of parents with dirty jobs.
Symptoms: Behavior issues, learning difficulties, encephalopathy. |
|
|
Term
| What interventions would be appropriate for a child with a lead level of 30? |
|
Definition
| Confirm with test in 1 week, educate family, refer to health dept. |
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|
Term
| At what lead level is chelation therapy started? At what level is the child hospitalized? |
|
Definition
Chelation at 45.
Hospital at 69. |
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|
Term
| Chemet, Dimercaprol, and Edentate Calcium Disodium are examples of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mother and father both have the carrier gene for sickle cell anemia. What are the chances that their children will have sickle cell anemia? |
|
Definition
| 25% chance with each pregnancy. |
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|
Term
| What are some symptoms and treatments of sickle cell crisis? |
|
Definition
| PAIN especially in joints, tissue hypoxia! Give morphine and oxygen. |
|
|
Term
| How is sickle cell anemia diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Hgb electrophoresis. Determines the shape and function of red blood cells. Part of newborn assessment. |
|
|
Term
| What are some triggers for sickle cell crisis? |
|
Definition
| Cold, stress, infection, drinking. |
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|
Term
| What is Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)? |
|
Definition
| Immune response 2-4 weeks after a viral illness. Platelet antibodies are created and risk for bleeding is huge. |
|
|
Term
| When clotting factors collect together and clot all throughout the body, leaving the rest of the blood thin, what is occurring? |
|
Definition
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Sickest of the sick. Prognosis is not good. |
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|
Term
| A child with hemophilia falls off of his bike and his knee is big and swollen. What do you do first and why? |
|
Definition
| Put ice on it to vasoconstrict and stop the bleeding! |
|
|
Term
| What should children with Von Willebrand's Disease carry with them at all times? |
|
Definition
| Desmopressin for emergencies! It is a nasal spray that prevents/stops bleeding. |
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|
Term
| A teenage girl comes in complaining of very heavy menstrual cycles and frequent nose bleeds. Her labs show an absence of factor VW. What do you suspect? |
|
Definition
| Von Willebrand's Disease. Platelets do not attach to site of injury. |
|
|
Term
| A child complains that his joints hurt in the morning and he doesn't want to play because they are so swollen. What do you suspect? What treatments do you predict? |
|
Definition
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
NSAIDs for pain relief, corticosteroids for inflammation, methotrexate to prevent disease progression. |
|
|
Term
| What are some common sources of food allergies? |
|
Definition
| Milk, eggs, wheat, soy, fish/shellfish, peanuts/tree nuts. |
|
|
Term
| At what age is it safe to start introducing foods that commonly cause allergies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A child with a peanut allergy has just ingested peanut butter 5 minutes ago. What is the most important assessment and treatment? |
|
Definition
Assess airway!
Give EpiPen!!! CALL 911! |
|
|
Term
| Who is at highest risk for a latex allergy? |
|
Definition
| Children in the hospital for long periods of time. |
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