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Pediatric GU Dysfunction
Pediatric GU Dysfunction
20
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
04/17/2010

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Cards

Term
What is the bladder capacity at birth vs. adult?
Definition
Birth 20 - 50
Adult 700 ml
Term
What is avg. urine output for infants/children/24 hrs.?
Definition
6mos.- 2 yrs 540-600mL
2-5 yrs. - 500-780mL
5-8 yrs. - 600-1200mL
8-14 yrs 1000-1500mL
>14 yrs. 1500mL
(weigh diaper for infants 1gm=1mL)
Term
What is avg. urine output/hr.?
Definition
Infants 2mL/kg/hr
Children 0.5-1.0mL/kg/hr
Adolescents 40-80 mL/hr
Term
What is Patent Urachus?
Definition
Fistula between bladder and umbilicus
in utero,urachus fails to closes
males>females
Assessment:
Clear fluid draining from base of umbilical cord
pH of fluid is acidic;US
Tx./NI's:
Spontaneous healing or
Sx. repair(promp to prevent infection)
Meticulous skin care prior to Sx.
Meticulous
Term
What is a Hypospadias? Epispadias?
Definition
Hypospadias:uretharal defect in which opening is on ventral surface of penis;often accompanied w/ Chordee
Epispadias: opening on dorsal surface of penis
Term
What is the Tx./NI's for Hypospadias/Epispadias?
Definition
No circumcision
Sx. repair (bef. school age)
If uncorrected, psychological issues/fertility issues
Post repair, may have urinary drainage catheter
Pain relief w/ Tylenol or antispasmodic (Ditropan)
May have prophylactic antibiotics
Meticulous skin care
Term
What is Ceryptorchidism? What is Tx. /NI's
Definition
Failure of 1 or both testes to descend into scrotum
Tx.
HCG may be given to stimulate descent
Orchipexy in toddler years (ice, analgesics, bedrest, mtr. for infection)
Education
*Undescended testes have greater risk for torsion trauma;inc. risk for CA;associated w/ low sperm count at sexual maturity
Term
What is Exstrophy of the Bladder?
Definition
midline closure defect (~8 wks. gestation) in which bladder is open and exposed on abdomen;no anterior wall of bladder, no skin covering lower anterior abdomen
males>females(2:1)
Term
What is Tx./NI's for Exstrophy of the Bladder?
Definition
Can be life threatenig (Sx. correction asap w/in 48-72 hrs. of life)
Cover bldder w/ sterile plastic dressing:skin care (A&D, karaya, maalox)
Post op may have Bryant's traction
Dressing changes as ordered
Watch for S/S of bladder obstruction/spasms
Medicate for pain as ordered
Mtr. I&O (initial urine may be bloody but should clear after a few hours)
Education(care, stress incontinence, Kegal exercises)
Term
What is Balanoposthitis?
Definition
An inflammation of the glans of the penis
generally caused by poor hygiene
may accompany urethritis or dermatitis
Term
What are S/S of Balanoposthitis?
Definition
Prepuce and glans become red and swollen,possible purulent discharge
Possible difficulty voiding due to swelling and crusting of the meatus
Acidic urine may erode the meatus/pain
Term
What is the Tx./NI's for Balanoposthitis?
Definition
Warm, moist compresses or warm baths
Possible antibiotic ointment
If caused by phimosis(tight foreskin on an uncircumsized male)circuncision may be recommended when inflammation subsides
R/O STI if purulent drainage
Term
What are the S/S of a UTI?
Definition
Term
What is Acute Glomeruloephritis? What are the S/S?
Definition
An immune reaction to a Group A beta-hemolytic strep infection (ie. strep throat, impentego)
Abrupt onset,
Peak age of frequency 5-10 yrs.
S/S:
Grossly bloddy hematuria
3+ or 4+ proteinuria
mild edema
marked hypertension
Term
What are the NI's for Acute Glomerulonephritis?
Definition
Limited activity
Antihypertensives as needed
symptomatic therapy if CHF occurs
Normal diet for age;no added salt if hypertensive
Prevention through Tx. of strep infections
Term
What are S/S of Nephrotic Syndrome?
Definition
Insidious onset
Massive proteinuria
Massive Edema
Mild Htn.
Marked Hyperlipidemia
Peak age 2-3 yrs.
Chronic condition- may have relapses (generally less after puberty)
Term
What is Tx/NI's for Nephrotic Syndrome?
Definition
Bed rest during edema stage
corticosteroid administration
Mutrition for age
High protein & low or no added salt
small fqt. meals may be desireable
No known prevention
Term
What is Wilm's Tumor?
Definition
An intrarenal tumor
Most frequently occurs bet. 3-5 yrs.
Unilateral or Bilateral
Encapsulated until relatively late
Metastisizes to lungs and liver quickly if capsule is ruptured
Prognosis based on stage
over 75% have 5 yr. survival rate
Term
What are S/S for Wilm's tumor?
Definition
Usually asymptomatic
Abd mass found by parent to one side of midline
possible pain, hematuria
~25% have HTN r/t inc. renin production
DX. by US/IVP
CT, MRI to check for mets
****AVOID PALPATING ABDOMEN!!!!!
PLACE SIGN OVER BED !!!!*******
Term
What are Tx./NI's for Wilm's tumor?
Definition
Surgery - nephrectomy
Possible radiation and chemo
Post-op mtr. functioning of remaining kidney (I&O, daily weight, urine SG, fluid status, IV's, BP)
Pain relief (from incision and shifting of abd. contents)
Assess bowel sounds, abd distention, BM's
Mtr. for infection
Education
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