Term
|
Definition
| increase or decrease in the consistency of stools; it can be serious and fatal |
|
|
Term
| What is diarrhea caused by? |
|
Definition
infections (bacterial, viral)
malabsorption problems
inflammatory diseases
dietary factors |
|
|
Term
| What conditions can diarrhea cause? |
|
Definition
dehydration
metabolic acidosis
shock |
|
|
Term
How can a nurse assess diarrhea?
What does she use to help evaluate the problem? |
|
Definition
History exposure to pathogens, contaminated food, dietary changes
Signs of dehydration
Lab signs of acidosis
Signs of shock |
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|
Term
| Laboratory signs of acidosis |
|
Definition
loss of bicarbonate
serum pH <7.33
loss of sodium and potassium through stools
increase Hct
increase BUN |
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|
Term
|
Definition
decrease BP
increase weak pulse
mottled to gray skin color
change in mental status |
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|
Term
| Nursing Interventions: Diarrhea |
|
Definition
take I/Os, rehydrate
replenish electrolytes
assess hydration status
take VS
calculate IV hydration to include...
maintenance and replacement fluids
check stools, check urine |
|
|
Term
| When do you add potassium to IV? |
|
Definition
| With adequate urine output |
|
|
Term
Teach Parents (Diarrhea)
Oral Rehydration solution with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Teach Parents (Diarrhea)
Temporarly ______ free diet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Teach Parents (Diarrhea)
Do NOT give... |
|
Definition
| anti-diarrheals (Imodium AD) |
|
|
Term
Teach Parents (Diarrhea)
Do not give these fluids...
Why? |
|
Definition
Grape juice, orange juice,
apple juice, cola, gingerale
because of high osmolality |
|
|
Term
| What can burns be caused by? |
|
Definition
| tissue injury caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation |
|
|
Term
| Why do kids under 2 have a greater mortality rate in burns? |
|
Definition
greater body surface area
greater fluid volume (to body size)
less effective CV responses to volume shifts |
|
|
Term
| In kids, what % of burn is considered major? |
|
Definition
25% - partial-thickness burns
10% - full-thickness burns |
|
|
Term
| How do you assess the burns in children? |
|
Definition
| use of Lund-Browder chart that takes into account the changing proportions of a child |
|
|
Term
| How much is urine output for infants and kids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the specific gravity be? |
|
Definition
| should be less than 1.025 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical and mental injury, sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhaling, ingesting, absorbing toxic substances
most occur before age 6
90% occur in the home |
|
|
Term
| When do you want to ID poisons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a child is poisoned, what interventions do you take? |
|
Definition
| child's respiratory, cardiac, and neurologic status |
|
|
Term
| What do you instruct for the parents to bring to the ER, if a poisoning is suspected? |
|
Definition
| emesis/stool from poisoning |
|
|
Term
| Determine child's _____ and _____ when a poisoning is evident |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What can helps with a poisoning?
(Removing or decreasing its absorption) |
|
Definition
| gastric lavage, charcoal, narcan |
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