Term
| Iron deficiency occurs most commonly in |
|
Definition
| children 12 to 36 months old, adolescent females,and in females during their childbearing years |
|
|
Term
| Vitamins most often consumed in less than appropriate amounts by preschool and school-age children are |
|
Definition
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin B 6
Vitamin B 12 |
|
|
Term
| What is a 24 hourA recall? |
|
Definition
| Ask family to recall all food and liquid intake during the past 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| How can a food diary be used? |
|
Definition
| Ask the family to keep a 3 day record (2 weeekdays and 1 weekend day) of all food and liquid intake |
|
|
Term
| How is a food frequency record used? |
|
Definition
| Provide a questionnaire and ask family to record information regarding the numberof times per day, week, or month a child consumes items from the four food groups |
|
|
Term
| How can a nurse acquire dietary history? |
|
Definition
1. the 24 hour recall
2. food diary
3. food frequency record |
|
|
Term
| During a nutritional assessment, what should be assessed? |
|
Definition
| skin, hair, teeth, gums, lips, tongue and eyes |
|
|
Term
| A nurse should use anthropmetry when for nutritional assessment. What is anthropmetry? |
|
Definition
| measurement of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), head circumference in young children, proportion, skin-fold thickness and arm circumference |
|
|
Term
| Height and head circumference reflect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weight, skin-fold thickness, and arm circumference reflect |
|
Definition
| present nutritional status (especially protein and fat reserves |
|
|
Term
| Skin-fold thickness provides a measurement of |
|
Definition
| body's fat content (half of the body's total fat stores are directly beneath the skin) |
|
|
Term
| Plasma, blood cells, urine, or tissues from liver, bone, hair, or fingernails |
|
Definition
| can be used to determine nutritional status |
|
|
Term
| What lab tests are commonly used to determine nutritional status? |
|
Definition
| Hgb, Hct, albumin, creatinine, and nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| Implement appropriate nursing interventions, including client and family teaching to correct identified |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased number or decreased consistency of stools is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea can be a serious or fatal illness, especially in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the causes of diarrhea (not limited to) |
|
Definition
1.. Infections: bacterial, viral, parasitic
2. malabsorption problems
3.inflammatory diseases
4. dietary factors |
|
|
Term
| What conditions are associated with diarrhea? |
|
Definition
1. dehydration
2. metabolic acidosis
3. shock |
|
|
Term
| Age group where diarrhea usually occurs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In diarrhea, check for a history of exposure to |
|
Definition
| pathogens, contaminated food, dietary changes |
|
|
Term
| What are signs of dehydration? |
|
Definition
1. poor skin tugor
2. absence of tears
3. dry mucous membranes
4. weight loss (5% to 15%)
5. depressed fontanel
6. decreased urinary output, increased specific gravity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. decreased blood pressure
2. rapid, weak pulse
3. mottled to gray skin color
4. changes in mental status |
|
|
Term
| Common nursing diagnoses for diarrhea |
|
Definition
a. Diarrhea related to...
b. Risk for deficient fluid volume related to... |
|
|
Term
| For diarrhea, what should be assessed frequently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For diarrhea, what should be assessed daily? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a child has diarrhea do not take temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you rehydrate a child with diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| as prescribed with fluids and electrolytes |
|
|
Term
| With diarrhea, calculate intravenous (IV) hydration to include |
|
Definition
| maintenance and replacement fluids |
|
|
Term
| Why do you collect specimens of diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Check stools for which conditions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should antibiotics be given if someone has diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a child has diarrhea, check urine for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Institute careful isolation |
|
Definition
| precautions and WASH HANDS |
|
|
Term
| Teach home care of child with diarrhea, be sure to include |
|
Definition
1. Provide child with oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte or Lytren
2. Child may temporarily need lactose free diet
3. Children should not receive antidiarrheals (e.g. Imodium A-D)
4. Do not give child grape juice, orange juice, apple juice, cola, or ginger ale. These solutions have high osmolality. |
|
|
Term
| Add potassium to IV fluids |
|
Definition
| only with adequate urine output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tissue injuries caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation |
|
|
Term
| Major cause of accidental death in children younger than 15 (after automobile accident) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three reasons children younger than 2 have a higher mortality rate. |
|
Definition
1. Greater central body surface area. (younger child more likely to have serious effects from burns to trunk and head)
2. Greater fluid volume (proportionate to body size)
3. Less effective cardiovascular responses to fluid volume shifts |
|
|
Term
| In childhood, a partial thickness burn is considered a major burn if it involves |
|
Definition
| more than 25% of the body surface |
|
|
Term
| A full thickness burn is considered a major burn if it involves more than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because of the changing proportions of the child, especially the infant, the rule of nines |
|
Definition
| cannot be used to assess the percent of burn |
|
|
Term
| Signs of deficiency in Iron |
|
Definition
a. anemia
b. pale conjunctiva
c. pale skin color
d. atrophy of papillae on tongue
e. brittle, ridged, spoon-shaped nails
f. thyroid edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iron-fortified formula, infant high-protein cereal, infant rice cereal, liver, beef, pork, eggs |
|
|
Term
| Signs of deficiency in Vitamin B 2. (Riboflavin) |
|
Definition
a. redness and fissuring of eyelid corners; burning, itching, tearing eyes, photophobia
b. Magenta-colored tongue, glossitis
c. seborrheic dermatitis, delayed wound healing |
|
|
Term
| Food sources for Vitamin B 2 |
|
Definition
a. Prepared infant formula
b. liver
c. cow's milk
d. cheddar cheese
e. some green leafy vegetables - broccoli, green beans, spinach
f. enriched cereals |
|
|
Term
| Signs of deficiency in Vitamin A (retinol |
|
Definition
a. dry rough skin
b. dull cornea, soft cornea, blind spots
c. night blindness
d. defective tooth enamel
e. retarded growth impaired bone formation
f. decreased thyroxine formation |
|
|
Term
| Food sources for Vitamin A |
|
Definition
a. liver
b. sweet potatoes
c. carrots
d. spinach
e. peaches
f. apricots |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) signs of deficiency |
|
Definition
a. scurvy
b. receding gums that are spongy and prone to bleeding
c. dry, rough skin; petechiae
d. decreased wound healing
e. increased susceptibility to infection
f. irritability, anorexia, apprehension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. strawberries
b. orange and orange juice
c. tomatoes
d. broccoli
e. cabbage
f. cauliflower
g. spinach |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) signs of deficiency |
|
Definition
a. scaly dermatitis
b. weight loss
c. anemia
d. irritability
e. convulsions
f. peripheral neuritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. meats, especially liver
b. cereals (wheat and corn)
c. yeast
d. soybeans
e. peanuts
f. tuna
g. chicken
h. bananas |
|
|
Term
| In burns what assessment toolwhich takes into account the changing proportions of a child should be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate fluid needs after burns? |
|
Definition
| From the time of the burn |
|
|
Term
| What formula is commonly used as a guideline for calculating fluid replacement and maintenance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Parkland formula is based on |
|
Definition
| child's body surface area and should include volume for burn losses and maintenance |
|
|
Term
| Adequacy of fluid replacement is determined by |
|
Definition
| evaluating urinary output |
|
|
Term
| Urinary output for infants and children should be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specific gravity should be less than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teaching proper cooking and storage methods to preserve potency. Cook vegetables in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In burns tissue destruction results from |
|
Definition
a. coagulation
b. protein denaturation
c. ionization of cellular contents |
|
|
Term
| In burns Critical systems affected include: |
|
Definition
| Respiratory, integumentary, cardiovascular, renal, GI, neurological |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superficial partial thickness (sunburn)
injury to the epidermis
leaves skin pinkor red, no blisters
dry
painful - relieved by cooling
slight edema
noscarring and sking grafts not required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deep partial thickness destruction of the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis
injury to deeper portions of the dermis
painful - sensitive to touch and cold air
appears red or white, weeps fluid, blisters present; hair follicles intact; very edematous; blanching followed by capillary refill; heals without surgical intervention usually does not scar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Full-thickness and deep full thickness;involves total destruction of dermis and epidermis; skin cannot regenerate; requires skin grafting; underlying tissue may be involved; wound appears dry and leathery as eschar develops; painless |
|
|
Term
| What is a life threatening risk for those with burns? |
|
Definition
|
|
