chapter 1

communication

the process whereby one person stimulates meaning in the mind of another through verbal and nonverbal means.

1.process : ongoing, irreversible, and systematic

2.stimulation : our communication stimulates the other person to create meaning

3.verbal/nonverbal : face-to-face encounters, theyre intertwined

chapter 1

8 propositions about interpersonal communication

1. communication has both verbal and nonverbal components : people depend on actions more than words

2. you cannot not communicate :

3. communication expresses both content and relationship

4. meanings are in people : people listening to you will take different meanings

5. communication is irreversible

6. communication is a neutral tool

7. communication is a learned skill

8. communication takes place in physical and psychological contexts

chapter 1

verbal/non verbal components of communication

verbal component - the words people speak when communicating with others

nonverbal component - everything other than words people use when communicating

chapter 1

how communication expresses content and relationships

1. content - the substantive information it convets to the listeners (example- teacher walks into class and tells everyone to settle down, the content msg is that she is about to begin class)

2. relationship - conveys affective, emotional information, it leads listeners to think that the speaker likes or dislikes them and that the speaker is interested or uninterested in them or their relationships. ( if you think shes in a good mood or bad mood etc.)

chapter 1

different components of the model of interpersonal communication

1. environment (external noise)

2. sources (encodes)

3. receiver (decodes)

4. channel (message)

5. internal noise on both sides

6. feedback on both sides

chapter 2

difference between situational anxiety and dispositional anxiety

situational anxiety : normal anxiety people experience when they find themselves in a stressful situation

dispositional anxiety : anxiety you feel about communicating in most situations, often called "trait-like anxiety"

chapter 2

why people develop dispositional anxiety

chapter 2

reasons for stage fright

anxiety  a person experiences when speaking in public. its a form of situational anxiety.

reason: FEAR OF EVALUATION

chapter 2

techniques for managing stage fright

1.imagine your audience naked like winston churchill did

2. imagine yourself being confident

3. youre better looking than the audience

4. you have the floor

chapter 2

ways to treate severe communication apprehension

the general predisposition to avoid situations that require communication.

1. systematic desensitization : therapeutic technique to help anxious people reduce their fears by associating communication with relaxation

2. cognitive therapy : type of therapy that helps alleviate peoples fears through directed conversation.

chapter 3

define ethics

chapter 3

aspects of ethical communication in public presentations

1. preparation - includes research and citations which give you :

a. gives CREDIT to someone

b. holds you ACCOUNTABLE, check the accuracy of sources you used

c. potential for REPLICATION, lay the groundwork for other to replicate your message

2. delivery - most imporant, because of persuasion and consideration

1. practice and prepare

2. tell the truth, you wield power

3. be rhetorically sensitive speaker, take audience into account

chapter 3

differences and similarities between virtue ethics, consequentialism, deontology, and postmodern ethics

virtue ethics : perspective that the ethical quality of an action is determined by the intentions and virtue of the actor (its the thought that counts) its based on the actors motives

consequentialism : perspective that the ethical quality of an action should be determined by evaluating its consequences (a consequence with good outcome) what is the act itself?

deontology : perspective that ethical action can be discovered by examining the act itself and identifying and acting upon ones obligationand duties (live by rules) the end justifies the means

postmodern ethics : perspective that the best way to determine the ethical course of action is to consider the relationship between the actios of others and ones own choice of actions (speech and actions are connected) its all related, we consider all factors

chapter 3

what are conflicts of interest and how can they be managed?

a situation in which a person or organization has multiple interests at stake in a decision, and motivations from one of those interests may corrupt or interfere with decisions made about another.

1. avoid the conflict

2. disclosure : inform others of the conflict

3. management : proceeding even if the conflict still exists

chapter 3

different types of plagiarism and how to avoid them

1. plagiarism - any use of anothers work and calling it your own

2. global plagiarism - the entire work in whole, and submit it as your own

3. incremental plagiarism - takes one idea, and sumbit is as your own

4. patchwork plagiarism - takes bits of work, sowes them together as your own from different sources

chapter 4

difference between listening and hearing

hearing -gain knowledge by hearing, to listen to with attention. a physical process of sound waves bouncing off the eardrum

listening - to pay attention to sound, to hear something with thoughtful attention, give consideration

chapter 4

5 step process of listening

1. receiving

2. understanding

3. remembering

4. evaluating

5. responding

"RURER"

chapter 4

3 contextual barries to listening

1. gender roles - men listen to get information, women use listening to build relationships

2. location - environment with physical noises, this helps frame the communication.

3. culture - who,when,where,what, hand signs etc.

chapter 4

strategies for becoming a better listener

1. adapt to the speakers delivery

2. listen with your eyes as well as your ears

3. monitor your emotional reaction to a message

4. avoid jumping to conclusions

5. be a selfish listener

6. listen for major ideas

7. identify your listening goal

stop,look,listen,imagine,check

chapter 5

difference between synchronous and asynchronous

1. synchronous : mediated communicaiton that occurs with both participants attending to messae exchange in real-time.

2. asynchronous : communication that is not occuring in real-time.

chapter 5

discuss the positives and pitfalls of permanence of records

Performance of records positives :

1. stores work and information and allows reference and access

2. lets others catch up on discussion and progress

performance of records pitfalls :

1. mistakes, inappropriate behavior, etc. preserved for long time

2. being able to "catch up" can encourage people to skip meetings and plan to read later

3. too much disclosure

chapter 5

low cue environment? how can you manage impressions here?

many digital communication technologies, particularly text based techs, lack much of the information we have in face-to-face interactions.

manage impressions by :

1. affordances - capabilities of technology used to communicate online, find information about them

2. pseudonym : false name in email or something

3. domain - service provider used for sending digital communication, usually associated with emails.

chapter 5

strategies for professional electronic communication

1. assume theres no privacy

2. introductions : salutations, use titles

3. writing the body : avoid slang, non-standard abbreviations, be careful with sarcasm and jokes

4. concluding email: finish with thanks, look back over it

chapter 5

whats cybervetting? how can you maintain a professional social networking profile?

cybervetting : when employers use internet searches and social networking sites to find out information or screen potential hires.

keep it on private.

chapter 6

benefits of audience analysis

proactively and systematically gathering and reviewing information about those to whom you will be presenting your message in an effort to increase presentation effectiveness.

increased chance of reaching your presentation goals

reduced chance of poor presentation performance

increased likelihood of audience connection

reduced chance of embarassment

increased confidence level

increased chance of repeat requests for similar presentations

chapter 6

3 broad concerns for analyzing audience

beliefs, attitudes, and needs

demographic profile : a way of better understanding your audience by compiling statistical data relative to audience members backgrounds

psychographic profile : a way of better understanding your audience by compiling attitudinal information relative to values, beliefs, and ideology of your audience

chapter 7

define culture and its relationship to globalization

a learned system of meanings which help us make sense of and explain what is going on in our everyday surroundings

globalization - changes in culture, the idustrilization of work, the shift from villages to towns and cities, the rise of individualism, decline of community, and the technological advances that account for our present social situation.

chapter 7

5 main cultural value dimensions

1. individualism and collectivism -

2. small and large power distance - equality, then military rankings

3.weak and strong uncertainty avoidance - weak:conflict is normal, strong: conflict is a threat to be avoided

4. feminine-masculine sex roles

5. low and high context - amount of information implied by context rather than just words that are spoken affects what we understand when people speak.

chapter 7

low context vs high context cultures

low: explicit verbal messages, say what u mean and mean what u say

high : reading between the lines, non verbal messages, violin example might "compliment" is actually annoying and shit

chapter 7

communication guidelines in intercultural comm.

gestures

self-disclosure

formality

eye contact

chapter 7

public speaking intercultural guidelines

speak slowly and clearly

use multiple modes of presentation

elevate your level of formality

avoid humor

understand local politics

chapter 8

types of leaderships

transformational leaders : motivating team members  by connecting them to a greater deal

transactional leaders : motivating team members using a system of rewards and punishments

authoritarian leaders : leader makes decisions by herself

laissez-faire leadership : hands off and allows members to make decisions on their own

democratic leadership : members participate in the decision making process

chapter 8

team roles

task leader

socio-emotional leader

tension releaser

information provider

central negative

silent observer

chapter 8

types of conflict and ways of managing it

procedural conflict

role conflict

interpersonal conflict

ideational conflict

manage conflict :

competing

accommodating

avoiding

compromising

collaborating

chapter 8

decision-making processes, consensus and avoiding groupthink

chapter 9

resources :

ut library

academic journals

research database

books,newspapers,magazines etc

paraphrase = expressing the meaning using different words

citation style = method of organization that allows you to integrate research into your outline in a standardized fashion

communicating research in your presentation :

1. make sure to mention all your sources

2. when u introduce a new source explain why u chose it and why is it credible

3. next time u introduce if u use the same citation