Dagger Blade from Grave Circle A- Mycenae, Bronze inlaid with gold, silver, and niello

• humans hunting lions, lions hunting stags, circle of life

• decorative

• 5 men hunting one falls→ 5 stags being hunted one falls

• DON’T NEED TO KNOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Dipylon Krater, Greek Geometric, 750-735 B.C.E, Painted Vase, (Meander, Kerameikos Cemetery) (Pottery)

• meander design (circular)

• used at cemetery

• funeral ritual

• registers

• change in how human form is portrayed

• no individuality to the form

• horror vacui: “fear of emptiness”--> every inch of the vase is covered in some sort of design

A Bronze Foundry, Foundry Painter, Greek Transition from Archaic to Early Classical, 490-480 B.C.E, Red-Figure Vase Pottery

• naked guys

• beginning of *contrapposto*-weight on one hip, Bipedal, presenting standing figures in a relaxed, normal posture

• active poses, men-working

• evolution of posture from egypt

• red on a black background which allows more detail

• concerned about getting the body right and portraying the human form correctly

• drinking vessel

Peplos Kore, Greek Archaic, 530 B.C.E, Stone Sculpture

• clothed, braided

• archaic “smirk”

• hunting

• actual women, not just sex symbols

• portrays young girl rather than old

• *contrapposto*-weight on one hip, Bipedal, presenting standing figures in a relaxed, normal posture

• evolution of posture from egypt

Kritios Boy, Greek Early Classical, 480-475 B.C.E, Stone Sculpture

• *contrapposto*-weight on one hip, Bipedal, presenting standing figures in a relaxed, normal posture

• “Looks Ideal”: What the ideal male would look like

• naked, one leg, no arms

• not facing forward, unorthodox

• admire from all sides

• evolution of posture from egypt

• serene face

• male form is fit but not overly exaggerated

Theater at Epidauros, Hellenistic Greek, 4th century BCE, Stone Architecture

• ancient greek theater designed to allow for great acoustics

• many different uses

• fit 12,000 spectators and home to some of the most influential performances

• built into a hillside

Polykleitos, Doryphoros, Classical greek, 450-440 BCE, Stone Sculpture

• man was carrying a spear---possibly Achilles?

• *contrapposto*-weight on one hip, Bipedal, presenting standing figures in a relaxed, normal posture

• very athletic figure

• naked

• adult version of the Kritios Boy???

• walking contrapposto

• shows what ideal fit man looks like while walking

Praxiteles, Aphrodite Knidos, Hellenistic Greek c. 350 BCE, Stone Sculpture

• statue of Aphrodite

• off-balance

• first time goddess portrayed naked

• hand is covering her vagina, playful/sexual :)

• highly sexually charged at the time

• serene look

Philoxenos or Helen of Egypt? (Apelles?), The Alexander Mosaic from Pompeii. Hellenistic Greek, c. 310 BCE, Mosaic

• Roman Copy of a Greek Painting

• woman artist

• made out of a lot of different stones

• foreshortening- show things closer to you as further away

• hand made

• they realize the battle is over, turning their horses around

Patrician with bust, Roman republic, end of 1st century BCE, stone sculpture

• Roman Republic---run by senate (bunch of old men)

• Patrician=oldest man-----in charge of family

• Every household had their own God

• ancestral prayer---pray to your older/dead relatives

• upper class/distinguished lineage

• *Realism*--showed what people actually looked like

• constructed with *lost wax technique*

• Engaged Column--Put into the wall, purely decorative. Nothing to do with holding up the tower (Plasters?)

• Romans used concrete to build and built massive architecture like the aqueducts.

• tunnel or barrel vault (barrel vault, groin vault, dome drum)

• know term PILASTER and SPQR

• Colosseum

• Amphitheater

Augustus Prima Porta, Roman, Augustan, early 1st century BCE, stone sculpture

• propaganda--shows him NOT in reality, shows how he wants to be seen/remembered

• Shows him in his youth

• Offered *Pax Romana* as justification for being all powerful (Romans were tired of war)

• His clothes represent his military victories

• Cuirass

Villa of the Mysteries, Roman Flavian, 65-50 BCE, Fresco (Pompeii and Mt. Vesuvious, eruption 79 CE)

• mystery religion

• private religious gatherings at shrine/meeting place

• First use of POMPEIAN RED

• Fresco--mural style

• murals may depict initiation rights into cult of Bacchus--god of vegetation and fertility as well as wine

Arch of Titus, Roman Flavian, 81 CE, Marble over Concrete Arch

• stone architecture

• Titus-Roman who destroyed Jewish temple in Jerusalem

• built in honor of Titus’ victory

• arch---ROMAN STAPLE of ARCHITECTURE

• composite order columns

• actually shows highlight of general storming/stealing

• Spandrel (Part of the arch)→ In them is Nikee who represents victory

• Used for propaganda purposes

Hadrian commissioned, Pantheon Roman, Antonine, 118-128 CE, stone architecture (Antonine Dynasty (138-193))

• temple to all the gods

• dome was concealed by the front to surprise viewers

• *corinthian* (flowers) and smooth columns

• only dome for a couple hundred years made out of cement

• oculus→ the eye at the top of the dome that lets light in

• coffers give the dome structure/texture as well as lessen the weight of the dome

• floor has circle, square, circle, square pattern

• holes in the floor so when rain comes through the oculus it drains away

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Roman, Antonine, 176 CE, Bronze Statue (Antonine Dynasty)

• Aurelius was a Stoic (detached from emotion) Philosopher

• Bronze statue, gilded (covered in gold)

• dressed as philosopher, beard but in reality is a stoic

• on horse--metaphoric of Rome

• commanding,encouraging people, acting like general

• “control of reigns” on horse in left hand, metaphor for control of Rome… Orators pose in right hand-> used in battle

• Preserved because Christians thought it was Constantine (First Roman Emperor)

Arch of Constantine, Late Roman 312-315 CE, Stone Arch (Constantine (307-337 ce))

• *triumphal arch* to commemorate Constantine’s victory over Maxentius

• arch=roman staple

• Huge triple arch, waaaay bigger than arch of titus

• actual wording praises Constantine

• *spolia*---incorporating past art into the work (physically reused)

• shows development from 2nd to 4th century

• show interest in telling a story through art work

• one piece of art is the donation of Constantine––donating land to the church

• Shows they were built upon Pagan religion