• Forming a general impression
• Stabalizing the cervical spine as needed
• Assessing a baseline mental status
• Assessing and managing the airway
• Assessing and managing breathing
• Assessing and managing circulation
• Determining priorities of care and transport

• Alert
• Verbal stimuli
• Painful stimuli
• Unresponsive

   AGE                          LOW RATE         HIGH RATE

newborn                            30                       60

infant(<1)                         30                       60

toddler(1-2yo)                 24                       40

preschooler(3-5yo)         22                       34

school age(6-12yo)         18                       30

adolescent(13-18yo)      12                       26

adult(>18yo)                    12                       20

   AGE                          LOW RATE         HIGH RATE

newborn                            100                    180

infant(<1)                         100                    160

toddler(1-2yo)                  80                      110

preschooler(3-5yo)          70                     110

school age(6-12yo)          65                      110

adolescent(13-18yo)       60                      90

adult(>18yo)                    60                      100

• Intimate zone-0 to 1.5 ft-visual distortion occurs,best for assessing breath and other body odors
• Personal distance-1.5 to 4 ft-extension of self,no visual distortion
• Social distance-4 to 12 ft-impersonal business transactions, perceptual information is much less detailed than at personal distance
• Public distance-12 ft or more-impersonal interaction with others, voices must be projected

Cranial Nerve

I

• Olfactory
• Function- sensory
• Inervation- smell

Cranial Nerve

II

• Optic
• Function- sensory
• Inervation- sight

Cranial Nerve

III

• Oculomotor
• Function- motor
• Innervation- pupil constriction; superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique muscles, 

Cranial Nerve

IV

• Trochlear
• Function- motor
• Innervation- superior oblique muscle

Cranial Nerve

V

• Trigemenal
• Function- sensory/motor
• Innervation- ophthalmic (forehead), maxillary (cheek), and mandibular (chin) regions. chewing muscles

Cranial Nerve

VI

• Abducens
• Function- motor
• Innervation- lateral rectus muscle

Cranial Nerve

VII

• Facial
• Function- sensory/motor
• Innervation- S-tongue  M-facial muscles

Cranial Nerve

VIII

• Vestibulochlear
• Function- sensory
• Innervation- hearing, balance

Cranial Nerve

IX

• Glossopharyngeal
• Function- sensory/motor
• Innervation- S-posterior pharynx, taste to anterior tongue M-posterior pharynx