Term
Skin
Protective surface- Why do we have it and what does it do? |
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Definition
•retards loss of body fluids;
•regulates body temperature;
•houses sensory receptors,
•contains immune system cells,
•synthesizes chemical and excretes waste products |
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Term
Skin
What is a Langherans cell |
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Definition
•arise from bone marrow and migrate to epidermis-help to activate immune system by binding antigen, processing and migrating to lymph
•Arise from bone marrow and migrate to epidermis
•Bind antigen, process and migrate to lymph |
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Term
Manifestations of Skin Disorders
• Telangiectases |
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Definition
| dilated superficial blood vessels=spider veins, or large more purple associated with liver disease. |
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Term
Manifestations of Skin Disorders
Pruritis: definition and cause |
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Definition
•Pruritis - sensation of itch, may be caused by organ disorder such as renal failure, central
(Morphine acts on central opioid receptors to CNS), or primary skin disorder.
Kid’s can’t sleep and rubs face and nose |
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Term
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Definition
| contain melanin the black or brown substance that gives skin its color. Not on palms of hands or soles of feet. |
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Term
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Definition
Not ethnicity but skin variations can have darker, black skin.
•Serious skin disorders may be overlooked and normal variations in darker skin may be mistaken for anomalies.
•Number of melanosomes in dark and white skin is the same; black skin produces more melanin and faster=give dark complexion
•Scars darken; skin may be dry or ashy= More difficult to see lupus rash on face.
•Erythema and skin pallor more difficult to assess
•Hypo and hyperpigmentation often accompany ethnic skin disorders |
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Term
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Definition
Circumscribed, flat, non palpable changes in skin color
Macule-small up to 1cm |
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Term
T/F?
Things to look at to diagnose lesion is how deep is it and is it raised or not? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| larger than 1cm ex; vitiligo |
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Term
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Definition
Palpable elevated solid mass
-up to 0.5 cm. ex; elevated nevus |
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Term
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Definition
| a flat, elevated surface larger than 0.5 cm. often formed by the coalescence of papules |
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Term
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Definition
| 0.5cm to 1-2 cm; often deeper and former than a papule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a somewhat irregular, relatively transient, superficial area of localized skin edema. Ex. Mosquito bite, hive. |
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Term
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Definition
Circumscribed superficial elevations of the skin formed by free fluid in cavity within the skin layers
-up to 0.5 cm. filled with serous fluid. Ex; herpes simplex |
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Term
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Definition
| Greater than 0.5cm filled with serous fluid. Ex; 2nd degree burn |
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Term
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Definition
| filled with pus ex. Acne, impetigo |
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Term
Primary Disorders of the Skin
Fungal Infections – |
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Definition
•free-living plantlike organisms which may be normal skin flora; superficial mycoses live on dead keratinized cells of epidermis and ***emit an enzyme that enables them to digest keratin***
(tinea corporis(body)/capitis(head)/pedis(feet)/unguium) |
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Term
Primary Disorders of the Skin
Candida albicans
Where do candida infections thrive? |
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Definition
| • normal inhabitant of GI tract, mouth, and vagina. Yeastlike fungus releases irritating toxins on skin surface. |
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Term
Primary Disorders of the Skin
Candida albicans
What factors predisposed patients to this infection? |
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Definition
| -DM, antibiotics, pregnancy, BC, immunosuppressive disorders predispose; |
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Term
Primary Disorders of the Skin
Candida albicans causes |
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Definition
-thrives in warm, moist intertriginous folds=skin on skin;
-red rash with well defined borders along with maculopapular satellite lesions.
Ex; skin folds. Under women’s breast/diaper rash. |
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Term
Deep fungal infections
Candidiasis |
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Definition
–Normal inhabitant of *GI, mouth, and vagina*
–Release of irritating toxins on skin level
–***Well defined border with satellite lesions*** |
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Term
Deep fungal infections
Candidiasis
Why is it important to diagnose? |
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Definition
| Never want in blood stream or urine it invades tissue, deep and thick |
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Term
Deep fungal infections
–Predisposed |
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Definition
–Predisposed: DM, antibiotics, poor nutrition and/or immune status
–Thrive in intertriginous folds
–Treatment; zinc ointments, creams |
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Term
Skin Infections
• Superficial fungal infections |
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Definition
–Ringworm, athletes foot, toenails
–Called dermatophytes and require keratin for growth
–Do not attack deeper body tissues or mucosal surfaces |
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Term
Skin Infections
Dermatophytes-
What is dermatophytes? How do they affect keratin? What damage do they cause? |
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Definition
emit an enzyme that enables them to ***digest keratin*** which results in ***superficial skin caling/peeling(athlete foot), nail disintegration/or overgrowth or hair breakage***.
–*Inflammatory* reaction such as erythema results from exotoxins liberated from fungus
•Diagnosis by microscopic scrapings |
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Term
Bacterial Skin Infections
• Impetigo |
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Definition
–May lead to ***post-streptococcal***(to become obvious) hypersensitivity reactions
–These can cause ***glomerulonephritis*** =kidney (show up weeks later after treat strep and need to treat again.) |
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Term
Bacterial Skin Infections
• Cellulitis |
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Definition
–Deeper infection affecting ***dermis and subcutaneous tissue. If it overgrows can cause cellulitis***.
–***Strep/staph*** or organism specific to certain activities (swimming, fish)
–Preexisting wounds, bacteria gets in causing cellulitis. |
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Term
Viral Skin Infections
• Verrucae (warts) |
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Definition
| –Benign neoplasms (papillomas) |
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Term
Viral Skin Infections
• Herpes simplex |
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Definition
| (cold sores) caused by stress and goes away |
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Term
Viral Skin Infections
• Herpes zoster (shingles) |
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Definition
–Herpes invades dorsal root ganglia in dermatones
–Caused when chickenpox herpesvirus is reactivated. Vaccine against it for elderly.
–Travels out nerve to skin and causes a new inflammation. Unilateral pattern to dermatone.
–Very contagious. Buring pain first then lesions appear. |
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