Term
| Equation for cardiac output |
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Definition
CO = SV x HR
cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate |
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Term
| The three main coronary arteries |
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Definition
right coronary artery
left anterior descending
left circumflex |
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Term
| Ischemic Heart Diseases (3) and Etiology (1) |
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Definition
IHD:
Angina Pectoris
Myocardial Infarction
sudden cardiac death
etiology: atherosclerosis |
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Term
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) {manifestations and description) |
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Definition
manifestations: coronary atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, MI, ischemic cardiomyopathy, sudden cardiac death
Narrowing of the arteries causing a decreased lumen and decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries. |
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Term
| Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors (9) |
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Definition
- smoking
- stress
- high BP
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- diabetes
- high blood cholesterol levels
-family history
- age |
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Term
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Definition
| Chest Pain caused by myocardial ischemia |
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Term
| Classification of Angina Pectoris (3 types) |
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Definition
Stable: caused by a specific amt of activity, no chng in cause, amount, or duration of pain over time, relieved by rest/ nitrates
unstable: high risk for MI, pain occuring with increasing frequency, severity, and duration over time, unpredicatble
Prinzmetal's: atypical occuring w/o precipitating cause, usual cause = coronary artery spasm; may occur at the same time every day |
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Term
| Angina Pectoris (clinical manifestations) |
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Definition
Characterized by intermittent bouts of chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest.
Pressure or heaviness in chest
Sweating
Light-headedness
Hypotension
Indigestion
Pain may radiate to arms, jaw, abdomen |
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Term
| Myocardial Infarction (def) |
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Definition
| death of myocardial cells due to ischemia |
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Term
| Myocardial Infarction (manifestations) |
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Definition
Pain---midsternal not relieved by NTG or rest
Tachycardia
Diaphoresis
Tachypnea, dyspnea
Feelings of impending doom
Anxiety
Nausea & Vomiting
ECG changes
Elevated cardiac enzymes
Leukocytosis |
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Term
| Differentiation of Angina and MI |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- unexpected death from cardiac causes within one hour after onset of symptoms
- caused by cardiac ischemic disorder
- associated with CAD
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Term
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Definition
- definition: diseases that interfere with unidirectional blood flow w/i the heart
- stenosis [inability of leaflets to open and close properly]
- regurgitation [backflow of blood through a valve that cannot be closed properly
- etiology: congential, rheumatic, calcification, infective
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Term
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Definition
- manifestations: murmur, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, palpitations, fatigue, hemoptysis, chest pain, recumbent cough
--> increased LAP, loud S1 snap opening at apex, murmur rare, if present at short diastolic, arterial fib. common
- mitral valves become thickened with the shortening of the chordae tendineae |
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Term
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Definition
- manifestations: dyspnea, PND, chest pain, palpitations, murmur
--> systolic murmur, radiate to left axilla, pansystolic, blowing, prominent S3 |
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Term
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Definition
- characterized by large LV, LVH, and CHF
- murmur that radiates to the neck
- caused by endocarditis, RF, calcium deposits, MI, congenital heart defects |
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Term
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Definition
- characterized by high systolic BP and low diastolic BP and bounding pulse
- diastolic murmur, bounding pulse, wide pulse pressure
-incompetent aortic valve that allow blood to leak from aorta to LV during diastole |
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Term
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Definition
Manifestations include: chest discomfort, tachycardia, CHF, pericardial friction rub, murmur, cardiomegaly, pericardial effusion
Inflammatory disease that follows a B-hemolytic streptocci infection.
Causes valvular deformity with the development of stenosis or regurgitation.
consequence of RF |
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Term
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Definition
Manifestations include murmur, cough, SOB, anorexia, abdominal pain, fever, chills, night sweats, joint pain, and petechiae.
Inflammation of the lining of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Manifestations include signs of inflammations and signs of heart failure.
Caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, drugs, Coxackie B enterovirous (most common in the U.S.). |
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Term
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Definition
Three types:
dilated--dilation of all 4 heart chambers.{poor contractility}
hypertropic--thickened, hyperkinetc ventricular muscle mass.{ outflow obstruction, ischemia}
restrictive--stiff, fibrotic ventricle {impaired diastolic filling} |
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Term
| Cardiomyopathy (manifestations) |
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Definition
CHF
LVH
ECG changes
fatigue
palpitations
edema |
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Term
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Definition
Manifestations may include: distended neck veins, muffled heard sounds, increased chamber pressures.
accumulation of noninflammatory fluid in the pericardial sac |
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Term
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Definition
Manifestations include: pericardial friction rub, back pain or esophageal pain, dyspnea, cough, and fever.
inflammation of the pericardium |
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