Term
Adaptive (Aquired) Immunity |
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Definition
Third line of defense. After inflammation has been activated.
Slow acting, specific, long-living |
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Definition
| A spectrum of substances that the immune system recognizes as foreign or "non-self" |
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Definition
Facilitate immune response |
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Definition
Arm of the immune response in which antibody circulates in the blood and binds to antigens on infectious agents. Primarily responsible for immunity against bacteria and viruses. |
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Definition
The arm of the immune system that develops cytotoxic
t-cells that kill targets directly. |
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Definition
| Long lived cells that are capable of "remembering" the antigen and responding more efficiently on subsequent exposure to the same antigen. |
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Definition
| Produced by an individual after either natural exposure to an antigen or after immunization. |
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Term
Passive Acquired Immunity |
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Definition
Occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from a donor to a recipient.
(i.e. passage of maternal antibodies across placenta) |
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Definition
| Antigens that are too small to be immunogens by themselves but become imunogenic in combination with larger molecules that function as carriers. |
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Definition
An antigen that elicits an alergic response. |
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Definition
| A serum glycoprotein produced in plasma cells in response to a challenge by an immunogen. |
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Definition
| Most abundant class of immunoglobins - 80-85% circulating in body. Account for most of the protective activity against infection, major antibody found in the blood of fetus and newborn. |
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Definition
Found predominantly in the blood and in normal body secretions. |
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Definition
Largest of the immunoglobins. It is the first antibody produced during initial or primary response to antigen. Synthesized early in neonatal life, and its synthesis may be increased in response to infection in utero. |
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Definition
Information is limited. It is found in low concentrations in the blood, but they do not have a known function. |
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Definition
| Least concentrated of any of the immunoglobins circulating in the blood. It has a very specialized function as a mediator of many allergic responses and in defense against parasitic infections. |
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Definition
| Major histocompatibility complex. Essential set of recognition molecules. |
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Definition
| Human Leukocyte Antigen. Donor tissue must match host for transplanted tissue to be accepted. The more closely they match, the better the rate of acceptance. |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary Lymphoid Organs |
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Definition
spleen, lymph nodes, adenoids, tonsils, Peyer patches (intestines) and appendix. |
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Definition
The process by which exogenous and endogenous antigens are linked to appropriate MHC molecules. |
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Definition
IgM produced first, followed by IgG against same antigen. If no further exposure to the antigen occurs the circulating antibody is catabolized and measurable quantities fall. Immune system has been primed. |
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Term
Secondary Immune Response |
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Definition
| A second challenge by a known antigen occurs. Rapid production of a larger amount of antibody occurs due to the presence of memory cells that do not require differentiation. |
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Definition
| Bacterial toxins such as those produced by Staph. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Result in the overproduction of cytokines that result in symptoms of a systemic inflammatory response. May cause fever, low blood pressure and potentially fatal shock. |
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Definition
Inactivating or Blocking the binding of an antigen to a receptor. |
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Definition
Clumping of insoluble particles that are in suspension. |
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Definition
Making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate. |
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Definition
Weakened virus used in vaccines to induce neutralizing antibody production at the site of a typical viral entrance to the body |
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Term
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Definition
Level of circulating antibodies in the blood. |
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Definition
| Recombinant chimeric antibody directed at tumor necrosis factor. Used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Chron disease and autoimmune diseases like RA. |
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Term
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Definition
Recombinant antibody that recognizes a glycoprotein on the surface of B lymphocytes(CD20). Administration results in antibldy binding to CD20 and subsequent immunoglobin and complement mediated killing of CD20 B cells. Used for treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
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Definition
| Antibody that binds to a receptor on a pathogen making it more susceptible to phagocytosis. |
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Definition
| Necessary for efficient bacterial clearance because many bacteria have an outer capsule that deters recognition by phagocytes unless it is coated with antibody. |
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Definition
A distinct set of lymphoid tissues located at the external surfaces of the body. |
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Definition
Immune response that protects the entire body. |
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Definition
| Immunoglobins that are secreted in lacrimal and salivary glands, lymphoid tissues of the breast, bronchi, intestines and genitourinary tract. Act locally rather that systemically. |
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Definition
| Responsible for the cell mediated destruction of tumor cells, or cells infected by viruses. |
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Term
| Fetal/Neonatal Immune Function |
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Definition
| In the last trimester fetus is capable of producing IgM to antigenic challenge. To protect child in early months a system of active transport facilitates the passage of maternal antibodies into fetal circulation. When umbilical cord is severed maternal antibodies begin to be catabolized. |
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Term
Aging and Immune Function |
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Definition
| Immune function decreases in old age as a result of changes in lymphocyte function anda decrease in lymphocyte population. |
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