Term
As the intensity of seizure discharge progresses sufficiently, it may spread to what 3 types of brain nuclei? |
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Definition
cortical thalamic brain stem
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| Name two causes of seizures: |
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Definition
(i) genetic (ii) injuries to brain |
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Are seizures a disorder or a disease? |
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Definition
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Name 3 manifestations of seizures: |
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Definition
(i) sensory (ii) motor (iii) autonomic |
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| Name the type of seizure manifestation in which lesions may appear in parietal lobe and provoke focal sensory seizures; numbness, tactile or visual symptoms; pins and needles |
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Definition
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| Name type of seizure manifestation that originate in premotor cortex and cause voluntary movement of contralateral limbs(Jacksonian type ) |
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Definition
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| Name type of seizure manifestation in which the nervous system is involved. |
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Definition
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Name three theories as to why abnormal brain activity occurs? |
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Definition
(i) Alterations in cell membrane permeability (ii) decreased inhibition of cortical or thalamic activity or structural changes; (iii) deficiency in alpha aminobutyric acid (GABA) or excess acetylcholine |
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Term
| What are the key differences between provoked and unprovoked seizures? |
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Definition
Unprovoked causes are unknown and but could be genetic Provoked (symptomatic) --- causes are known, e.g., febrile seizures, a fever of 104 F, Electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycemia
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Term
| Name two types of epileptic syndrones: |
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Definition
(i) Partial (ii) Generalized. |
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Term
____ epileptic syndromes occurs in one cerebral hemisphere in a specific area; limited to one partial area . |
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Definition
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| ____ epileptic syndromes occurs simultaneously in both cerebral hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
Name three types of partial seizures |
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Definition
(i) simple partial seizures (ii) complex partial (iii) secondarily generalized partial seizures |
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Term
Name seizure type described below: aka focal seizures occurs without loss of consciousness motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic manifestations accompany simple partial seizures motor activity may include: twitching or loss of muscle tone
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Definition
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Term
| During a simple partial seizure, if ____ is involved, the symptom may correspond to contralateral side of brain |
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Definition
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Term
_____ seizure is a convulsive movement that begins in distal extremity and progresses medially; e.g., starts at foot, moves to leg and down arm and to face; Or, begins in hand moves to face and then to leg |
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Definition
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Term
| During a simple partial seizure, If ____ is involved, no observable clinical manifestations may be seen; but tingling, numbness, visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory phenomena may be felt |
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Definition
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Term
| During a simple partial seizure, if _____ is involved, flushing, tachycardia, hypo – or hypertension or papillary changes may be observed |
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Definition
| autonomic nervous system (electrical discharge in the cortex) |
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Term
| In ____ seizures, there are impending signs of oncoming seizure |
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Definition
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| In psychic seizures, the victim experiences hallucinations. It is a warning of oncoming seizure. Hallucinations include: taste, smell, flashes of lights. These are referred to as ___ or ____. |
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Definition
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| Simple partial seizures may progress and become ____ |
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Definition
(i) complex partial seizures (ii)tonic-clonic seizures with resulting unconsciousness |
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Term
____ are calledTemporal Lobe Seizures or Psychomotor Seizures |
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Definition
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| ____ seizure occurs with loss of consciousness |
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Definition
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Term
During _____seizures, clinical activity displayed depends upon the part of the cortex from which the seizure originated. |
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Definition
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Name seizure type described below: temporal lobe is involved two hemispheres are involved brain waves in temporal lobes are extremely rapid victim becomes disoriented; exhibits bizarre behavior exhibits uncontrolled MOTOR activity of ISOLATED MUSCLE groups déjà vu (familiarity with unfamiliar environment, or jamai vu (unfamiliarity with familiar environoment).
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Definition
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Term
During a ____ seizure, the onset is focal (in an area, therefore simple) but spreads and becomes generalized (as electrical discharge spreads) |
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Definition
| SECONDARILY GENERALIZED PARTIAL |
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Term
| A secondarily generalized partial seizure affects what two deeper brain structures? |
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Definition
| thalamus and reticular nuclei |
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Term
_____ inhibition intermittently interrupts discharge and converts tonic phase to clonic |
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Definition
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Term
In a ____ seizure, consciousness is impaired; |
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Definition
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Term
Name the four categories of generalized seizures: |
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Definition
(i) absence seizures; (ii) atonic seizures; (iii) myoclonic seizures; (iv) tonic-clonic seizures |
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Term
Name type of seizure described below petit mal seizures (mild form) generalized, non-convulsive occurs in childhood and disappears in adulthood manifestation: child’s expressions goes blank, appears day dreaming, motionless (but motion may occur in some cases), unresponsiveness lip smacking seen also clonic (e.g., eyelids), facial muscles may twitch some loss of contact with environment seizure lasts few seconds hypothalamus and thalamus involved and show depressed brain wave, abt. 3 Hz
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Definition
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___ seizure similar to absence seizures except for muscle tone alteration and onset and cessation |
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Definition
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A ____ seizure is characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone, leading to slackening of jaw, drooping of limbs, falling to ground |
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Definition
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Term
Name seizure described below: involuntary muscles are briefly contracted due to stimuli originating in cerebral hemispheres. muscles jerk generally or in specific areas (e.g., face) muscles become rigid, muscles react by violent contractions limbs become straight major muscle groups contract and relax repeatedly (clonic)
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Definition
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Name seizure described below: aka grand mal seizures most severe rapid brain waves of 30 Hz or more sharp tonic contraction of muscles consciousness lost convulsions are intense bowel/bladder movement lost biting of tongue common seizures last few minutes tonic phase followed by clonic phase
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