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Details Title: Pathophysiology Description: Endocrine system Total Flash Cards: 16 Created: 10/22/2006 17:56:36	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Unbound-peptide or proetein(water soluble hormone)transport w/SURFACE RECEPTOR Definition require PLASMA(CELL) MEMBRANE RECEPTORS -pituitarty, hypothalamic, parathyroid hormones act through 2nd messengers (cAMP) -insulin (is"first messenger") acts by direct activation of receptor protein tyrosine kinase Term Lipid soluble hormones bound to transport carrier molecules w/INTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR Definition utilize either nuclear or cytosolic receptors on transport carriers -STEROIDS: cortisol, androgens, synthesized from cholesterol; THYROID hormones diffuse though cell membranes b/c are small hydrophobic molecules -act by causing nuclear transcription of specific fenes to code for desired proteins Term Hormonal Regulation Definition -complex interaction w/nervous, circulatory,& immune system 1.Receptor modulation: up-regulating (low conc.hormones) or down-regulating (high conc. hormones) # of available receptor's (lock & key) 2.Negative feedback: target organ hormone (cortisol) inhibits secretion of RELEASING hormone (from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary) & TROPIC hormone (ex.ACTH stimulates release of cortisoL from adrenalcortex) 3.Neural regulation: ex. adrenal medulla releases epiniphrine in response to SNS stimulation Term hyperplasia Definition increase in # of cells in an organ or tissue Term Hormones from hypothalamus via nerve axon to release at POSTERIOR pituitary Definition ADH (controls serum osmolality by inc. water reabsorption in kidney) & oxytocin (love-mammory, uterine contractions, sperm motility?) Term Hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones via portal vessels to ANTERIOR pituitary Definition GH (growth hormone: excess: kids-proportional gigantism,adults-acromegaly from hepatic secretion of IGF-1, inc. hand/facial growth) TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), ACTH (release of adrenal corticosteroids or androgens -secretes in response to low cortisol levels, diurnal rhythms, stress), FSH (stimulates spermatogenesis & testosterone in men; estradiol& progesterone in women), LH(growth of testicular tissue & ovulation), Prolactin (breast development,lactation, fertility & testosterone production in men), MSH Term Ectopic Definition relating to or charcterized by an object or organ being situated in an unusual place, away from it's normal location Term polydipsia Definition too much drinking, thirst Term Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)-excess ADH Definition -produced (ectopic secretions) in many carcinomas -post-op crani/pituitary surgery -meds:antidepressants, anesthetics, morphine tx: treat underlying cause, fluid restriction, correct hyponatremia (dec. salt) Term Deficiency of ADH: Diabetes Insipidus Definition -neurogenic DI: dec. synthesis of ADH -nephrogenic DI: failure of nephrone to respond to ADH -high thirst & urine volume, spec. gravity 1.001-1.005 tx: vasopressin & DDAVP (used for bed wetting) Term Hyperprolactinemia Definition -most common anterior pituitary disorder:from tumor or meds (antispychotics & tricyclic antidepressants) tx. drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors in brain (bromocriptine) Term Hormones of ADRENAL CORTEX Definition 1.androgens & adrenal estrogen 2.mineralocorticoids: aldosterone (in response to angiotensis II)-inc. activity of Na+ pump (conserve Na+ in nephron 3.glucocorticoids: cortisol- metabolic, anti-inflammatory & growth suppresing effects (pg. 7) Term Adrenal medulla hormone excess/defficiencies Definition catecholamines: epi & norepi -Hyperfunction-pheochromocytoma-tumor of chromaffin cells (90% benign): highly vascular & may rupture -chronic secretion of catecholamines leads to severe hypertension & it's effects Hypofunction: generally insignificant Term Thyroid hormones Definition (respond to TSH) - T4 & T3: metabolic processes -calcitonin: dec. serum calcium by inhibiting osteoclastic (break down of Ca) activity & inc. osteoblastic (growth promoting) activity hyperthyroidism= turn everything up (Grave's disease-autoimune- goiter, bulging eyes, heat intolerance, hypermetabolism) hypothyroidism=turn everything down (congenital defects-autosomal recesive, iodine deficiency, untreated= myxedema "mucinous"-slugish/overweight, respritory depression) IRREVERSABLE Term Type I Diabetes Mellitus Definition -from cell mediated autoimmune destruction of beta islet cells(which relase insulin) -associated with certain HLA haplotypes (runs in family w/autoimune diesease) -presence of ICAs (islet cell antibodies) years inadvance -can't metabalize glucose- fasting blood glucose> 120mg/dL Term Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Definition -90% of diabetics -relative insuline deficiency or insulin resistance with (inc. insulin & inc. hepatic glucose production but dec. glucose uptake) -metabolic syndrome X (central obesity, high BP, high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, insulin resistance) -obesity