Term
|
Definition
-negative feedback loop
-regulated by pituitary and hypothalamus
-regulates and controls metabolism |
|
|
Term
| What hormones are secreted by thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| problem is actual thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| problem is pituitary/ hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-slow-sumo
-decreased metabolism appetite speech HR , increased weight cholesterol , cold, fat face, puffy eyes, depression, fatigue, coarse brittle hair, edema |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-primary cause of hypothyroidism
-gradual destruction of thyroid tissue by lymphocytes and autoantibodies
-small thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-most commone cause of hypothyroidism world wide
-primary cause
-iodine is required to make T3 and T4
-large thyroid |
|
|
Term
| Secondary causes of hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
trauma
cancer
brain infection
neurosurigical procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-severe hypothyroidism
-coma when everything bottomsout
-S/S non pitting boggy edema around eyes, hands, feet;thick tongue |
|
|
Term
| Labs for primary problem hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
T4 decreased
TDH increased |
|
|
Term
| Labs for secondary problem hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
T4 decreased
TSH increased |
|
|
Term
| Primary cause of hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
Graves Disease
Ingestion of excess thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Autoimmune stimulation of thyroid
-decreased TSH and increased T3/T4 |
|
|
Term
| Secondary cause of hypothyroid |
|
Definition
-rare
-TSH secreting pituitary adenoma
-will increase T4/T3 and TSH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreased weight
increased metabolism
increased appetite
Increased HR, BP
Thin falling out hair
big thyroid
hyperthermia
warm skin
sweaty palms |
|
|
Term
| lab results of hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
primary: decreased TSH
secondary: increased TSH
both T3/T4 increased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-thyroid storm
-S/S increased temp and HR, delirium, everything goes up
-cardiac dysrhytmias kill them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-takes glucose into cell
-produced by beta cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-process of glycogen synthesis
-glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conversion of glucose to pyruvate ending with ATP formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Hg A1C
-form of blood test used to identify the average plasma glucose concentration of a period of 3 months |
|
|
Term
| Fasting Glucose lab values |
|
Definition
| >126 times to is diagnosis of diabetes |
|
|
Term
| what substances inhibit insulin |
|
Definition
glucagon
epi
glucosteroids
growth hormone steroids, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-BS < 70
-caused by too much insulin
-S/S shaky, tremors, irritable, sweating, cold/calmy, confused, disoriented, fainting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-to much sugar not enough insulin
-S/S hot, dry skin, 3 P's, dehydration, ketones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-No insulin production
-onset is young
-skinny, hyperglycemic, ketones, 3 P's
-90% of pancreas is gone before symptoms appear |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Type 1 Diabetes |
|
Definition
-genetic autoimmune (gradual destrcution of B cells)
-viruses
-sudden symptoms (the 1st sign could be DKA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Diabetic Keto Acidosis
-Sudden onset
-life threatening but reversiable
-precipitated by another stressor
-S/S 3 P's , Kushmal respirations, altered LOC
-treat with insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-High glucose intake over time
-gradual onset
-50% Beta cell function lost by time of symptoms
-insulin resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obesisty
HTN
3 P's
fatigue
recurrent infections
neuropathy
vascular problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Non Ketoic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma
-prolonged increase in blood sugar
-caused by a stressor
-no ketones present
-S/S gradual onset, profound diuresis, dehydration, normal pH, increased BS
-Treat with insulin and fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures the beta cells ability to produce insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Remove waste
2. regulate fluid volume and BP
3. Acid/base balance
4. filter plasma
5. reabsorb nutrients
6. make erythopoeitin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal blood flow regulator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-directly related to renal blood flow
-the more blood getting to the kidneys the more they can filter
-used for stating renal failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional unit of the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ball/tuft of capillaries that attaches to proximal tubule
-protein control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentrates or dilutes urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-reabsorb Na and H2O
-excretes K, urea, H and ammonia |
|
|
Term
| What do you look at to asses for renal fxn in a UA |
|
Definition
| glucose, ketones, protein, blood, WBCm nitrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-problem is there is no perfusion to the kidney so no blood to the kidneys
-ex. hypo or hyper tension, blood loss, renal artery stenosis, nephrosclerosis, heart failure, sepsis, dehydration
- |
|
|
Term
| intrarenal kidney failure |
|
Definition
-problem is in kidney, there is direct damage to kidney
-ex. glomerural nephritis, acute tubular necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-casued by an obstruction
-urine backs up into the kidneys causing damage
-ex. tumor, kidney stone, enlarged prostrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by an infection (usually strpe)
-S/S hematuria, protinuria, decreased GFR, oliguria, edema
-Treat the infection, and will usually resolve on own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-a 3.5g of protein lost per day
-more common in kids
-S/S edema (anasarca)
-Treat by adding protein to diet, diuretics, and steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-progressive deterioration in renal function resulting in fatal uremia
-irreversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decrease renal reserve
Cr and BUN are normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
renal insufficiency
have lost 75% of renal function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N/V
anorexia
fetor (uremic breath)
hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
| Neuro alterations with ESRD |
|
Definition
uremic encephalopathy
seizures
coma
decreased level of consciouness |
|
|
Term
| cardiac alterations with ESRD |
|
Definition
increased workload
increased BP
fluid volume excess
anemia |
|
|
Term
| respiratory complications with ESRD |
|
Definition
uremic fetor
metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| skin alterations with ESRD |
|
Definition
grey pallor
urea out of pores
uremic frost
puritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by ecoli in stool
-can occur anywhere along urinary tract (urethra, prostrate, bladder, ureter, kidneys) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-lower UTI
-urethra'
-normal urinary system
-no complications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-defect in urinary system
-occurs from other health problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kidney infection
upper urinary tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. premature babies or babies with deformity in UT
2. Woman- shorter urethra
3. People with catheters
4. People with decreased urine output |
|
|
Term
| causes of pyelonephrtisis |
|
Definition
ecoli
kidney stones
neurogenic bladder
female sexual trauma
catheters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever
chills
flank/CVA tenderness
frequency
dysuria
rigor
hematuria
bacteria, nitrates, WBC, pus in urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mass of Ca cells
-dehydration is a risk factor
-pain in lower back
-treated by pain meds, fluids, straining urine, surgical removal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-characterized by white drainage between urination
-usually asymptomatic
-burning with urination
-can cause PID in woman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-abdominal pain/fever
-causes infertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-most common STD
-mostly asymptomatic
-discharge/burning
-for woman it gets into the fallopian tubes
-symptoms within 1-3 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-most common STD
-mostly asymptomatic
-discharge/burning
-for woman it gets into the fallopian tubes
-symptoms within 1-3 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-no symptoms in men
-woman have frothy green/yellow discharge that smells like dead fish
-parasite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-canker sore
-1cm or less
-painless
-don't usually think anything about it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -occurs when primary or secondary is not treated and it gets to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Genitals
4.5 million americains
condoms don't help
1 in 4 people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-painful fluid filled vesicles
-<1 cm
-multiple
-red based |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-many strains
-some strains cause cervical cancer and some cause genital warts
-guys don't know they have it
-vacine available for some strands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
age
smoking/tobacco use
alcohol and drugs
unhealthy diet
no exercise
excessive sunlight
sexual behavior
radiation
viruses/bacteria
pesticides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-changes in epithelial tissue
-skin cancer (melanoma ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-glandular tissue cancer
-breasts, prostrate, colon, pancreas, lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-carcinogen damages DNA
-gene will either repair itself or mutate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uncontrolled cell growth and replication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the tumor spreads to other areas |
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