signs and symptoms of bone and joint diseases

pain

swelling

decreased mobility

deformity

signs of muscle disorders

weakness

Diagnostic tests for joint, bone and muscles diseases and disorders

x-rays

CAT scans

MRIs

blood studies (calcium and phosphorus)

electromyography

muscle tissue biopsy

bone mass density (BMD)

bone densiometry testing

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA scan)

spinal deformities

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Scoliosis

Kyphosis

curvature of thoracic spine

Lordosis

exaggerated antierior or inward curve of lumbar spine

Scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine

Osteoporosis

metabolic bone disease causing porosity and leading to decrease in bone mass

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone caused by staphylococcal infection

Osteomalacia

softening of the bones due to defective mineralization in adults

In children, it's called Rickets

Rheimatoid Arthritis

autoimmune disorder affecting joints and connective tissue of entire body

Gout

metabolic error in breakdown of certain protein foods

tophi

small, whitish nodules commonly around the ears and joints

Hallus Valgus

AKA bunion

deformity affecting metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe

Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome

(TMJ)

severe headaches and pain in jaw

Muscular Dystrophy

(MD)

inherited, genetic disorder affecting skeletal muscles

*Duchenne's MD affects male children*

Ganglion Cyst

fluid-filled benign tumor on tendon sheath near wrist

*AKA Bible Bump*

Tetanus

AKA lockjaw

characterized by painful, uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles

Neoplasms

• Primary neoplasms of musculoskeletal systen uncommon
• typically secondary, metastasizing from lungs, breast and prostate

Osteosarcoma

most common primary bone tumor

Rhabdomyosarcoma

very rare

highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

Fractures

 break in bones

• pathologic open and closed
• stress
• dusplace
• comminuted and compression
• longitudinal
• transverse
• oblique
• spiral
• stellate

Strains

overstretching injury of muscle

treatment:

rest

moist heat

analgesics

anti-inflammatories

Sprains

traumatic injury to joint

treatment:

rest

ice

compression

elevation

Dislocation

Complete separation of bone from normal position

causes pain and joint deformity

Subluxation

partial separation of bone from normal position

Low Back Pain

(LBP)

• very common disorder
• may be acute or chronic

treatment:

moist heat

analgesics

anti-inflammatory

muscle relaxants

Bursitis

• inflammation of a bursa
• severe pain that limits motion in joints

treatment:

moist heat

analgesics

anti-inflammatory

Tennis Elbow

• type of bursitis that affects elbow area
• repetitive motion injury
• severe burning pain on outside of elbow

treatment:

wide strap just below elbow

moist heat

analgesics

anti-inflammatory

Tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon or connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

often affects the shoulder

treatment:

rest

ice

analgesics

anti-inflammatory

Plantar Fascitis

AKA caocaneal spur or heel spur

pain from pressue on the fascia

treatment:

rest

ice

analgesica

anti-inflammatory