Term
| Name the epithelial benign tumors |
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Definition
- seborrheic keratoses
- epithelial cyst
- adnexal tumors
- apocrine
- eccrine
- follicular
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Term
| seborrheic keratoses (common group, gross appearance, genetic link) |
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Definition
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Term
| seborrheic keratoses: cause of sign of Leser Trelat and what its associated with |
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Definition
- definition- multiple seborrheic keratoses
- associated with what:
- internal maligancy (possibly under stimulation of transforming growth factor alpha produced by tumor cells)
- most common: GI tract carcinomas
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Term
| seborrheic keratoses: microscopic features |
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Definition
- circumscribed epidermal tumor
- composed of basaloid squamous epithelial cells resulting from acanthosis
- small intratumoral keratinous cysts
- often papillomatous
- church spire like or wart like surface
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Term
| epitheial cyst (microscopic appearance) |
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Definition
- roand or oval cyst
- wall composed of stratified squamous epitheilium
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Term
| adexal tumors (derived from what) |
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Definition
- sweat glands
- hair follicles
- sebaceous differentiation
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Term
| actinic keratosis (what causes them, precursors for what cancer, gross features) |
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Definition
- arising in skin damaged skin
- precursors to squamous cell carcinoma
- gross features
- cytological atypia of basilar portions of epidermis
- solar elastosis in dermis
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Term
| actinic keratosis (microscopic features) |
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Definition
- minimal keratinocytic atypia confined to basal and suprabasal layers
- w/ overlying normal stratum corneum
- moderate hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, keratinocytic atypic that does not reach the granular cell layer
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Term
| squamous cell carcinoma (microscopic features) |
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Definition
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Term
| squamous cell carcinoma (gross appearance) |
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Definition
- hyperkeratotic OR ulcerative plaque, nodule or tumor
- found on sun exposed skin or lip of older adults
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Term
| squamous cell carcinoma (risk factors and note the most important one, general prognosis with risk factors) |
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Definition
- DNA damage induced by exposure to sunlight (p53 mutation and dysregulated RAS signalling also implicated)
- other
- immunosuppression
- HPV
- industrial carcinogenes
- chronic ulcers
- draining osteomyelitis
- old burn scars
- ingest arsinicals
- ionizing radiation
- tobacco and betel nut chewing (in oral cavity)
- prognosis
- sun induced lesions rarely metastasize (increased chance on lip)
- tumors due to irradiation, burn sites, chronic ulcers and sinus tracts have higher incidence of metastesis
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Term
| Basal cell carcinoma (common location, age group, gross appearance) |
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Definition
- locations- most sun exposed areas
- age group- commonly increase from third decade onward, but have been seen in kids and young adults
- gross appearance
- solitary opalescent nodules with telangiectasia, but common variant is superficial type (often occurs as a thin plaque)
- some variants are cystic, fibroepithelioma of Pinkus type, pigmented basal cell carcinoma
- morphea form may be hypopigmented, depressed firm plaque
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Term
| basal cell carcinoma: prognosis |
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Definition
- typically locally aggressive and may reach several cm in size
- can erode into muscle, bone, brain if neglected
- it rarely metastasizes, unless the lesion is largely neglected
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Term
| basal cell carcinoma: nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome |
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Definition
- definition: group of defects passed down through familes
- involves skin, NS, eyes, endocrine glands, and bones
- genetics- autosomal dominant in the PTCH (located on chromosome 9q) signaling pathway
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Term
| basal cell carcinoma: microscopic features |
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Definition
- tumor composed of basaloid cells arising from epidermis usually of sun exposed skin
- shows progressive invasion of dermis in number of paterns with peripheral palasading of nuclei
- separation from surrounding stroma
- frequent mucinous alterations of stroma
- infiltrating groups of basaloid cells with peritumoral clefting
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Term
| What distinguishes parakeratosis from orthokeratosis? |
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Definition
- both are forms of hyperkeratosis but:
- orthokeratosis- you can see more space in between growths of stratum corneum
- parakeratosis- it lines up in a much more linear and organized thickening
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Term
| Define a munro microabscess |
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Definition
- collection of neutrophils found in parakeratotic layers
- seen in psoriasis
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