Term
| Signet ring cells, E-cadherin related, no metaplasia, and Linitis plastica (leather bottle appearance) is associated with what type of cancer ? |
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Definition
| Diffuse / Signet Ring Cell Type of Gastric Adenocarcinoma |
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Term
| #1 risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma ? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 types of gastric adenocarcinoma ? |
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Definition
Intestinal - type (associated with gastritis and H.pylori)
Diffuse / Signet Ring Cell Type |
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Term
| Most common site of gastric adenocarcinoma ? |
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Definition
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Term
| #1 mesenchymal tumor of GI tract and most common site ? |
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Definition
GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor)
Most occur in stomach |
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Term
GIST is derived from what ?
Genetics ?
Trt? |
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Definition
Derived from interstial cells of Cajal (pacemaker cells)
Express CD117 (c-Kit)
Trt: Gleevec, Imatinib (Tyrosinase Kinase Inhibitor) |
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Term
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Definition
Due to incomplete involution of vitelline duct
Rule of 2s
Out pouching of anti-mesenteric side that includes all layers of GIT (true diverticulum)
Complications can occur by 2 yrs of age, like hemorrhage, fistula, intestinal obstr., and diverticulitis |
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Term
| Malabsorption Syndromes clinically present how ? |
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Definition
| As chronic diarrhea, usually fatty feces (steatorrhea) |
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Term
| Exs if malabsorption syndromes ? |
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Definition
Celiac disease
Tropical Sprue
Whipple's Disease
Pancreatic Insufficiency |
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Term
| Characteristics of Celiac Disease ? |
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Definition
Is Gluten sensitive enteropathy
Common in Europeans
Affects mostly 2nd part of duodenum and proximal jejunum
Reversal of changes after gluten free diet
Anti-tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies
(some pts have IgA deficiency) so may need to do IgG testing
**Dermatitis Herpetiformis** - due to IgA deposition in skin
Long term risk of T-cell type intestinal lymphomas |
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Term
| What may be a precursor to peptic ulcer disease ? |
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Definition
Peptic duodenitis (proximal duodenal inflammation due to hyperactvity of gastric contents)
Here you see gastric foveolar metaplasia |
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Term
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Definition
Systemic infectious disease
Mainly infects C I J (CNS, intestines, joints)
Mostly in males
Caused by Gram + bacilii Tropheryma Whippelli
Causes malabsorption mechnically through lymphatic obstruction
Laminal propria has a lot of macrophages
Trted with antibiotics |
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Term
| What is infectious enterocolitis ? |
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Definition
Inflammation of small and large intestines due to infectious agent
Can be due to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites |
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Term
| Most common site of GI tract obstruction ? |
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Definition
Small intestine
and most common cause is extramural / mechanical causes |
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Term
| What is intussuscception ? |
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Definition
Type of extramural intestinal obstruction
Is telescoping proximal bowel segment into distal bowel segment
In adults often due to tumor |
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Term
| Morphology of Peutz Jegher's Polyp (Hamartomatous polyp) ? |
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Definition
Arborizing network of smooth muscle extending into the polyp and surrounds glands
No malignant potential
Also Autosom. dominant
Melanotic pigmentation in lips, face, genitalia, palms |
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Term
| Most important malignancy criteria for an adenoma ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Colorectal carcinoma on right sided gives what symptoms ? |
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Definition
Fatigue, weakness, and iron deficiency anemia
Bulky and bleed easily |
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Term
| Most common type of colon carcinoma is ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carcinoid (nueroendocrine) tumors usually occur where in GIT ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Morphology of Autoimmune Hepatitis ? |
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Definition
Interface and lobular hepatitis with a predominant population of **plasma cells** and lymphocytes
Trt is immunosuppression, and transplantation if liver failure |
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Term
| What are Mallory bodies ? |
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Definition
Present in Alcohol (Toxic) Related Liver Disease
Are tangled skeins of intermediate filaments
Seen as eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, usually within ballooned hepatocytes |
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Term
| Two types of hemochromatosis ? |
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Definition
1) Primary / Hereditary Hemochromatosis
HFE gene (6p) mutation most common cause
2) Secondary Hemochromatosis (Hemosiderosis)
Trt: Phlebotomy or transplant |
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Term
| Complications of hemochromatosis ? |
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Definition
Hypopituitarism
Skin pigmentation
Cardiac failure
Cirrhosis
Diabetes
Arthropathy |
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Term
| Kayser-Fleischer rings are seen in ? |
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Definition
| Wilson Disease - autosomal recessive disorder which creates a defective hepatocyte canalicular transporter, ATP7B located on chromosome 13 |
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Term
| What does Rhodanine stain do ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Investigation of Wilson disease ? |
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Definition
Decrease serum ceruloplasmin levels
Increase hepatic copper
Increase urinary copper excretion |
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Term
| Alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency is mostly associated with what ? |
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Definition
Emphysema
Plus other things like Wegener's granulomatosis |
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Term
| AMA (Anti-mitochondrial anbibody) positive or increase in ALP and GGT, or presence of "florid duct lesion" indicates pt. may have ? |
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Definition
| PBC (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| "Florid Duct Lesion" (Portal inflammation with non-supparative, granulomatous destruction of medium-sized bile ducts") |
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Term
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Definition
If Symptomatic, give Ursodial
If at risk, give liver transplantation |
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Term
| What is PSC (Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis) ? |
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Definition
Fibrotic and inflammatory destruction of intra and extra-hepatic bile ducts
On radiology, see "beading" and stricturing of biliary tree
Alk Phos and GGT increased
P-ANCA
Associated with IBD
Morphology)
Concentric periductal "onion skin" fibrosis |
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Term
| What is PSC (Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis) ? |
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Definition
Fibrotic and inflammatory destruction of intra and extra-hepatic bile ducts
On radiology, see "beading" and stricturing of biliary tree
Alk Phos and GGT increased
P-ANCA
Associated with IBD
Morphology)
Concentric periductal "onion skin" fibrosis |
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Term
| Most common liver tumor ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common liver disease (cancer) ? |
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Definition
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