Term
|
Definition
"Splayleg"
piglets, "swimmer pups" with hindlimb abduction.
tx = harnessing physiotherapy |
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Term
|
Definition
"Porcine Stress Syndrome" PSS
"Pale Soft Exudative Pork" (PSE)
ryanodine receptor defect
triggered by stress (or halothane?)
c/s = muscle rigidity, fever, dyspnea, dysrhythmias. |
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Term
|
Definition
"Splayleg"
piglets, "swimmer pups" with hindlimb abduction.
tx = harnessing physiotherapy |
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Term
| Congenital muscular hyperplasia |
|
Definition
"Double Muscling"
Myostatin gene alters regulateon of # of myofibers
Increased incidence of dystocias
Autosomal recessive; Charolais, Piedmontese, Angus, Belgians, whippets |
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Term
| Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) |
|
Definition
Autosomal dominant
Transient myotonia, well-defined musculature.
c/s = hyperkalemia (abnormal incr intracellular Na+; incr extracel K+); CK, AST wnl
Homozygote recessive foals die of laryngeal muscle dysfunction
"Impressive" QH stallion, 1970s |
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Term
| Polysaccharide storage myopathy |
|
Definition
Autosomal dominant abnormal accumulation of intracellular glycogen
60% of draft horses, 30% of light breeds |
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Term
|
Definition
Glycogenosis type II
glycogen accumulation |
|
|
Term
| Feline glycogenosis (type IV) |
|
Definition
| autosomal recessive glycogen accumulation storage dz |
|
|
Term
| Myophosphorylase defeciency (type V) |
|
Definition
Autosomal recessive glycogen accumulation storage dz
Only skeletal muscle affected |
|
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Term
| Phosphogructokinase Storage Disorder (type VII) |
|
Definition
Autosomal recessive polysaccharide storage myopathy
ALSO IN RBCs; IV HEMOLYSIS
energy deprivation to skeletal muscle, Purkinje cells, CNS; striated myofiber necrosis, neuronal vacuolation, etc |
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Term
| Ischemic Degenerative Myopathies |
|
Definition
Myofibers are sensitive to hypoxia; occlusion of MAJOR bv -> infarct
"compartment syndrome", downer cow, vasculopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
Vit E and/or Selenium deficiency
Both req'd as antagonists of free radicals (Se is component of anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase)
free radical damage PM & mitochon -> Ca++ influx myofibers -> degeneration, mineralization
Usually young animals/neonates
Most active muscles (head butting muscles, tongue, diaphragm, heart)
NO RIGOR IN SEVERELY AFFECTED ANIMALS |
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Term
|
Definition
Vit E and/or Selenium deficiency
Both req'd as antagonists of free radicals (Se is component of anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase)
free radical damage PM & mitochon -> Ca++ influx myofibers -> degeneration, mineralization
Usually young animals/neonates
Most active muscles (head butting muscles, tongue, diaphragm, heart)
NO RIGOR IN SEVERELY AFFECTED ANIMALS |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Glc, Ca++, K+, Mg+, P+ all affect muscle function
Cushings, Addison's also -> weakness and atrophy OF TYPE 2 FIBERS. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Gossypol, Sassia spp (coffee senna), MONENSIN, Iron
Monensin = ionophore promoting proprionic ffa shift in rumen; horses die of shock, CV collapse before any muscle lesions |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Iron is PRO-OXIDANT; excess predisposes to oxidative muscle necrosis.
Lesions ~ white muscle dz. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST COMMONLY RUPTURED MUSCLE AND WHY? |
|
Definition
Diaphragm. Thin, pressure differential in compartments, no bony structural support.
HBC, falls, other trauma, congenital defects (incomplete closure of left pleuoperitoneal canal, dogs & rabbits)
Other commonly ruptured muscles: gastroc in racers, adductor in cattle doing the splits |
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|
Term
|
Definition
degeneration/necrosis of muscles in aponeuroses
ex: chicken supracoracoid expands 20% -> unyielding compartment -> incr pressure -> ischemia, infarct |
|
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Term
| Exertional Rhabdomyolysis |
|
Definition
"Tying Up", "Monday morning dz", azoturia
usu involves glutes; may be due to a pre-existing sugar storage dz/Se def. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Necrosis caused by prolonged muscle activity (freaking out when captured)
Quick death from metabolic acidosis or later from rhabdomyolitic myoglobinuric nephrosis. |
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|
Term
Bronchiolitis Fibrosa Obliterans
Obliterative Bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
| Erosion of epi -> exudation of fibrin and leukocytes -> fibroblast infiltration -> fibrotic organization |
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|
Term
Lymphocytic Cuffing of Airways
**NAVLE** |
|
Definition
"Enzootic pneumonia of pigs"
Mycoplasma hyopneumonia
Fish flesh lung
Not a Kierstead test question because >1 etiological agent associated with Lymphocyte cuffing. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
VSD
Pulmonic Stenosis
Overriding aorta/aortic transposition
secondary right ventricular hypertrophy |
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