Term
soft tissue strain
-grading |
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Definition
• First degree (mildest)
• Second degree
• Third degree (most severe) |
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Term
| first degree soft tissue strain |
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Definition
| little tissue tearing; mild tenderness; pain with full range of motion |
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Term
| second degree soft tissue strain |
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Definition
| torn muscle or tendon tissues; painful, limited motion; possibly some swelling or depression at the spot of the injury |
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Term
| Third degree soft tissue strain |
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Definition
| limited or no movement; pain will be severe at first, but may be painless after the initial injury |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
Soft tissue Sprains
First degree |
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Definition
| little tearing, pain or swelling; joint stability is good. |
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Term
Soft tissue Sprains
• Second degree |
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Definition
broadest range of damage, with moderate instability and
moderate to severe pain and swelling. |
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Term
Soft tissue Sprains
Third degree |
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Definition
| – ligament is completely ruptured; joint is unstable; severe pain and swelling; other tissues are often damaged. |
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Term
| dislocation versus subluxation |
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Definition
subluxation does not come out as far, and usually goes back in itself
-dislocation comes out more |
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Term
compartment syndrome
-what is it? |
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Definition
| increased pressure within a closed myofascial compartment (confined space) compresses nerves, muscles, and vessels |
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Term
compartment syndromes
-cause |
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Definition
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Term
| rehab considerations for soft tissue injuries |
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Definition
-initially Immobilize- prevent further injury
-----Early mobilization--------
-increase capillary growth
-better repair of muscle fibers
-more parallel orientation of the regenerating myofibers compared with immobilization
-Initially adjacent muscles/joints |
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Term
Heterotopic Ossification
-aka
-what is it? |
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Definition
aka Myositis Ossificans
-Bone formation in non-osseous tissue |
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Term
| Heterotopic Ossification most often occurs... |
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Definition
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Term
Heterotopic Ossification
symptoms |
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Definition
-swelling redness
-Loss of motion S/P surgery |
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Term
Heterotopic Ossification
diagnosis |
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Definition
|
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Term
Heterotopic Ossification
Treatment- |
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Definition
-PROM, stretching , pain control
-surgery |
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Term
Rhabdomyolysis
-what is it |
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Definition
| Rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue due to injury |
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Term
|
Definition
-High levels of CPK
-Kidney damage danger-
- injured muscle can leak potassium- hyperkalemia - disruptions in heart rhythm |
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Term
|
Definition
-Traumatic or muscle compression (eg, crush syndrome or prolonged immobilization)
-Exertional- (eg, marked exertion in untrained individuals, hyperthermia, or metabolic myopathies)
-Nontraumatic nonexertional (eg, drugs or toxins, infections, or electrolyte disorders) |
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Term
Rhabdomyolysis
-presentation |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| from Myofascial Pain Syndrome, from overuse or muscle stress |
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Term
| Perpetuating factors of Myofascial Pain Syndrome |
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Definition
-Mechanical stress (could be postural)
-Nutrition
-Metabolic conditions |
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Term
| trigger point presentation |
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Definition
-Taut, palpable myofascial band that is exquisitely tender on palpation
-referred pain pattern
-Rope like bands (peas)
-Loss of motion |
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Term
myofascial pain syndrome
treatmenrt |
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Definition
-Injection saline
-Dry needling
-Compression |
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Term
| how to break the cycle of myofascial pain syndrome |
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Definition
-Trigger point therapy
-Stretching (after pressure )
-Aerobic Exercise
-Treat the root cause |
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Term
|
Definition
-Most common jt disease
Over age 65 ->60% men, 70 % woman affected
-46 million in US |
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Term
|
Definition
| An autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation and destruction targeted at the joint capsule |
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Term
osteoarthritis
-what is it?
-where does it originate? |
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Definition
-degenerative joint disease
-originates in the cartilage, then affects underlying bone, soft tissues, and synovial fluid |
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Term
| osteoarthritis progression |
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Definition
-cartilage breaks down
-excessive mechanical stress on other joint structures
-inflammatory response
-sclerosis of the subchondral bone occurs as new bone is formed
-osteophytes form -> mechanical joint failure/loss of function |
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Term
| immobilization and osteoarthritis |
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Definition
| -can result in degeneration of articular cartilage, since it relies on loading and unloading for nutrition intake and waste disposal |
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Term
| risk factors of osteoarthritis |
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Definition
-genetics
-overuse
-obesity
-poor diet
-joint irregularities/fractures
-smoking
-capsular trauma/restrictions
-muscle weakness
-systemic disease
-ligamentous laxity |
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Term
| common areas affected by osteoarthritis |
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Definition
1. knee
2. elbow
3. hip
4. great toe
5. low back
6. shoulder |
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Term
| osteoarthritis clinical manifestations |
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Definition
-bony enlargement
-limited ROM
-tenderness on pressure
-joint effusion
-malalignment
-joint deformity
-stiffness after periods of inactivity/morning |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-education
-weight loss
-medications
-strengthening
-viscosupplementation
-glucosamine & chondroitin
-surgery for microfracture or replacement |
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Term
| osteoarthritis therapy considerations |
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Definition
-low impact
-QOL focus
-aquatic
-Patient education, joint protection
-strengthen eccentric for shock absorption
-closed chain exercises |
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Term
| degenerative disk disease progression |
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Definition
-disk loses ability to absorb water, dries out
-less nutrition, waste removal, and space
-nucleus becomes thick, shock absorption lost
-disk weakens and tears
-bone on bone contact occurs
-osteophytes and lateral stenosis may occur |
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Term
| degenerative disk disease incidence |
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Definition
|
|
Term
degenerative disk disease
-risk factors |
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Definition
-genetics
-age
-weight
-loading (occupational) |
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Term
degenerative disk disease
-manifestation |
|
Definition
PAIN, GRADUAL ONSET
-Back Pain
-Radiculopathy
-Stiffness
-Distal weakness
-Dec reflexes
-Numbness, tingling |
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Term
degenerative disk disease
-diagnosis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| -initial conservative treatment for degenerative disk disease |
|
Definition
-NSAIDS
-physical therapy
-lifestyle change
-aerobic conditioning
-core stability
- |
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Term
| conservative VS invasive treatment for degenerative disk disease |
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Definition
| in the absence of neurologic compromise, -outcome the same 10 years after the initial incident |
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Term
| invasive treatment for degenerative disk disease |
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Definition
-intradiskal electrothermal therapy (shrink tissues, decrease pain)
-epidural injections
-artificial disk replacement
-fusion |
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Term
rheumatoid arthritis
-incidence
-onset age
-gender risk |
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Definition
-1-2% of the US population affected
-onset between 20-50
-females are 3 times more likely |
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Term
| stages of rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
1. healthy synovial joint
2. synovitis (reduced fluid, thickened membrane,inflammation)
3. Pannus formation (inflam., bone&cartilage erosion)
4. Fibrous ankylosis
5. Bony ankylosis |
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Term
rheumatoid arthritis
-effects on internal organs |
|
Definition
-nodules form in heart, lungs, & GI tract
-inflammation accelerate atherosclerosis and heart disease |
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Term
| rheumatoid arthritis physical therapy considerations |
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Definition
-never give traction
-use adaptive equipment
-watch for joint instability
-fatigue
-do unloaded exercise
-maintain function |
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Term
| rheumatoid arthritis treatments |
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Definition
-physical therapy
-surgery (total joint replacement)
-meds |
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Term
| rheumatoid arthritis meds |
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Definition
TO CONTROL INFLAMMATION
-corticosteroids and NSAIDS
-disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
-biological response modifiers |
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Term
| ways to compare/contrast osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
-onset
-incidence
-Gender
-Etiology
-manifestation
-associated signs & symptoms |
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Term
childhood arthritis
-defined
-3 types |
|
Definition
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, before age 16(cause unknown)
-Pauciarticular
-polyarticular
-systemic onset JIA |
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Term
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
-affecting 4 or fewer joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
-affecting more than 4 joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
-Systemic |
|
Definition
| Systemic onset JIA (Still’s disease) |
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Term
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
-manifestations |
|
Definition
-swollen joint
-Limping in a.m.
-Loss of motion
-minimized systemic effects (except in stills)
-Systemic onset Fever, skin rash |
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Term
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
-Treatment |
|
Definition
-maximize function and mobility
-aquatic therapy
-anti-inflammatories
-immunosuppressives
-limit active exercise during flareups |
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Term
| chronic inflammation of axial skeleton and some peripheral joints |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies |
|
Definition
-chronic inflammation at attachments of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and synovium to the bone
-leads to fibrosis
-cartilage structures replaced with bone, ossification and bony growth between vertebrae |
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Term
Ankylosing Spondylitis
-what is it? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Inflammatory arthropathy of axial skeleton & some larger joints |
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|
Term
ankylosing spondylitis
-joints affected |
|
Definition
SI
Costovertebrals
Intervertebral disks
Spine (bamboo spine) |
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|
Term
Ankylosing Spondylitis
-incidence
-age
-gender |
|
Definition
-1-2 per 1000
-ages 15-30
-men are 2 times more likely to get it than women |
|
|
Term
ankylosing spondylitis
-treatment |
|
Definition
-Meds- Anti inf,NSAIDS, Analgesic
-Physical therapy – posture, keeping the motion that remains |
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Term
ankylosing spondylitis
-diagnosis |
|
Definition
-Diagnosis-MRI
-Clinical manifestations
-Lab Tests |
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|
Term
| PHYSICAL THERAPY for ankylosing spondylitis |
|
Definition
-Aerobic exercise (tolerable)
-No high impact
-Aquatic exercises
-No flexion
-Don’t over-exercise
-Stabilize
-Stretching
-Posture
-Reduce inflammation
-Pat education |
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|
Term
Gout
-what is it?
-symptoms |
|
Definition
Metabolic disorder caused by elevated level of uric acid
-Joint pain
-fever
-Joint warmth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-purine breakdown creates uric acid
-too much->leaks into tissues
-crystals cause inflammatory response |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Genetic- inherited uric acid met probs
2. Metabolic Disorder- Kidney malfunction, blocks uric acid excretion
3. Idiopathic- neither |
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Term
|
Definition
-50+, when kidney function declines
-90% men |
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Term
|
Definition
| Urate crystals found in synovial fluid, connective tissue , cartilage |
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Term
| GOUT common sites affected |
|
Definition
| big toe, foot, wrist, elbow |
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Term
|
Definition
-Allopurinol- decreases uric acid production
-Rest
-Diet changes
-nsaids, corticosteroid injections |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. stress
2. trauma
3. insufficiency (normal stress, weak bone, e.g., osteoporosis)
4. Pathologic |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-transverse - clean across shaft
-oblique - diagonal
-spiral - twisted
-comminuted - shattered
-segmental - !
-butterfly - shark bite |
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|
Term
| risk factors of bone fracture |
|
Definition
-Trauma
-Age
-Poor health
-Poor nutrition
-Other disease processes
-Decreased physical activity |
|
|
Term
| stress fracture characteristics |
|
Definition
-Repetitive injury
-Painful during activity
-Diminishes with rest |
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Term
Osteonecrosis
-aka
-what is it? |
|
Definition
| avascular necrosis - loss of blood supply to the bone |
|
|
Term
| bones at risk of osteonecrosis |
|
Definition
--Bones with limited vascularity
Head of femur
Talus
Scaphoid |
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Term
Osgood Schlatter
-what is it? |
|
Definition
| Quad tendon pulling off bits of immature bone from the insertion-> tibial tuberosity |
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|
Term
Osgood Schlatter
-who's at risk |
|
Definition
-8-15 years old
-boys 3 times more likely
-Flat footed |
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|
Term
Osgood Schlatter
-symptoms |
|
Definition
- Constant aching of tibial tubercle
-pain with jumping, squatting, biking , hiking
-Swelling, tender |
|
|
Term
Osgood Schlatter
-treatment |
|
Definition
-Rest
90% respond well to non-operative treat:
-Stretching
-Patellar strap
-Strengthening |
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