Term
| outward signs of infection |
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Definition
-fever, chills, malaise
-enlarged lymph nodes (axillary, cervical, inguinal) |
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Term
| integument signs of infection |
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Definition
|
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Term
| cardiovascular signs of infection |
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Definition
|
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Term
| central nervous system signs of infection |
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Definition
| altered consciousness, confusion, convulsions, HA, photophobia, muscle aches |
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Term
| Gastro intestinal signs of infection |
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Definition
| nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
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Term
| genitourinary signs of infection |
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Definition
| dysuria, hematuria, urgency, frequency |
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Term
| respiratory signs of infection |
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Definition
| tachypnea, cough, hoarseness, drainage, over-production, diminished exercise tolerance |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| effusion (increased intra-articular fluid.) |
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Term
| fever temperatures and treatments |
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Definition
104: delerium, seizures
107.6: cell damage
-drugs reduce fever (acetaminophen)
-cool off with water or ice |
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Term
| risks for infection associated with aging |
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Definition
-decreased # of T cells
-diminished cell-mediated immunity:dormant viruses reactivate
- changes in CV, resp, nutrition
- physical and mental disability
- impaired thermoregulation
- skin thinning
- drug intake could mask fever |
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Term
|
Definition
| any microorganism that has the capacity to cause disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. contaminate body surface and be destroyed by first-line defenses
2.subclinical infection - no symptoms other than identfiable immune response.
3. clinically apparent infection - causes obvious damage and is accompanied by clinical symptoms (infectious disease) |
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Term
|
Definition
| when an organism can be passed on to another person or organism |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| time between pathogen entering the host and appearance of symptoms |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-size
-shape (spherical, rod shaped, cubic)
-means of transmission (resp., fecal, oral, sex.) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-single celled
-cell walls
-grow independently |
|
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Term
|
Definition
according to
-response to staining (Gr+, Gr-, AcidFast)
-motility
-capsulation
-non/spore forming |
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Term
|
Definition
| cause disease in people with apparently intact immune system |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| no disease in healthy people, but cause disease in the immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
pathogenicity
-define
-influencing factors |
|
Definition
-the ability of an organism to induce disease
depends on
-organism's speed of reproduction
-extent of damage on tissues
-strength of any toxins released |
|
|
Term
virulence
-define
-how measured? |
|
Definition
the potency of a pathogen in producing severe disease
-measured by fatality rate |
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Term
| Transmission train components |
|
Definition
-characteristics of pathogen
-portal of entry
- reservoir (humans, animals, environmental)
-portal of exit (resp.tract, GI, blood..)
-mode of transmission
-characteristics of the host |
|
|
Term
| components in controlling disease transmission |
|
Definition
1. lines of defense (barrier, inflammatory, immune response)
2. PPE and hand washing
3. drug prophylaxis
4. nutrition
5. living conditions |
|
|
Term
| 5 main routes of transmission |
|
Definition
1. contact
2. airborne
3. droplet
4. vehicle
5. vector borne |
|
|
Term
contact transmission
-define |
|
Definition
-direct: skin-skin, mucousal mem.-mucousal mem.
-indirect: via an inanimate intermediate object |
|
|
Term
contact transmission
-precautions |
|
Definition
-private room
-gloves
-gown
-disinfect equipment
-use infectious waste cans |
|
|
Term
| bloodborne transmission precautions |
|
Definition
| everyone assumed to have something |
|
|
Term
airborne transmission
-define
-precautions |
|
Definition
-pathogen oragnisms are less than 5 microns, and can float on air currents
precautions
-monitored negative air flow
- private room
- door closed
- restrict entry
- limit transport from room |
|
|
Term
droplet transmission
-define
-precautions |
|
Definition
-pathogen organism travels in droplets, larger than 5 microns, so can only travel within 3 feet of host
----precautions----
-3 feet vulnerability
-open door ok
- mask w/in 3 feet
- have patient wear mask |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| food source, water source |
|
|
Term
| vector-borne transmission |
|
Definition
| involves insects or animals that act as intermediaries between 2 or more hosts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-acquired during hospitalization
-5% of disease in USA
-there are facility procedures and CDC guidelines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-associated with antibiotic use
-transmission - fecal-oral
-presents as diarrhea and increased WBC
-diagnosed identifying toxin in stool
-individual taken off antibiotics
-prevent with contact precautions and private rooms |
|
|
Term
staphylococcal bacteria
-general |
|
Definition
-leading cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections - 13% of hospital infections
-common on skin |
|
|
Term
staphylococcal bacteria
-transmission
-presentation
-treatment |
|
Definition
Transmission
-direct contact, cannot infect through intact skin or mucous membranes
Presentation
-abcess, chills, fever, redness, increase WBC
-systemic symptoms
Treatment
-Antibiotics
-Methicillin, Vancomysin |
|
|
Term
Streptococcal pyogenes
-transmission and forms |
|
Definition
-transmission by droplet or direct contact
2 forms
-Suppurative (forms pus)
-nonsuppurative (doesn't form pus) |
|
|
Term
Streptococcal pyogens
-presentation
-treatment |
|
Definition
presentation:
-fever
-sore throat w/ swallowing pain
-beefy red pharynx
-edematous tonsils w/ exudate
-swollen lymph nodes along jaw line
-malaise
-anorexia, abdominal discomfort
TREAT WITH ANTIBIOTICS |
|
|
Term
| Suppurative streptococcal pyogenes -characteristic -symptoms |
|
Definition
| forms pus -pharyngitis - throat -impetigo - skin -necrotizing faciitis |
|
|
Term
nonsuppurative streptococcal pyogenes
-characteristic
-symptoms |
|
Definition
doesn't form pus
-rheumatic fever
-glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by streptococcus pyogenes
-redness, swelling of throat, painful swallowing
-treated with antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by streptococcus pyogenes
-occurs in children 2-5 years
-pustules on face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by streptococcus pyogenes
-infection progresses along fascial planes, often in the legs, causing severe tissue damage |
|
|
Term
streptococcus pneumonia
-associated conditions
-colonization
-transmission
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment |
|
Definition
-pneumonia, meningitis
-in the oropharynx
-transmits in droplets of resp. secretions or direct contact
-fever, chills, dyspnea, blood in sputum, rapid progression over 24-48h with high mortality rate w/o treatment
-diagnose by lab tests of sputum
-treat with antibiotic and vaccine |
|
|
Term
pseudomonas
-general info
-colonization
-transmission
-diagnosis
-treatment |
|
Definition
-opportunistic invader (hospital environments, wounds, UTI, sepsis)
-likes moist environments
-transmits by contact
-diagnosis by testing body fluid
-treatment: antibiotics, airway clearance, debridement if wound |
|
|
Term
pseudomonas
how's contact made? |
|
Definition
depends on where located
-resp. tract infection
-CNS via ear infection or invasive procedure
-in skin via burn or wound
-bone & joint via surgery or from skin
- |
|
|
Term
pseudomonas
-clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
-fever
-tachypnea
-tachycardia
-hypotension
-delerium
-dyspnea
-cough
-elevated WBC
-can spread to blood and metastasize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type 3 herpes, caused by varicella zoster
recurring chicken pox, with blister-like lesions along dermatomes from T3-L3
-can lead to nerve pain: postherpetic neualgia (PHN) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Herpes IV
-incubates for 14-16 days
-can be contagious days before rash
-transmission via contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
virus
herpes simplex 1
70% have it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral
herpes simplex 2
20% have it |
|
|
Term
cytomegalovirus
-aka
-% occurance
-transmission
-threat
-diagnosed |
|
Definition
viral
Herpes type 5
80% of people over 35 have it
-transmitted via bodily fluids
-no symptoms in healthy individual, but deadly in transplants and unborn babies
-diagnosed via culture (blood, sputum, throat swab) |
|
|
Term
influenza
-transmission
-symptoms
-prevention
-treatment |
|
Definition
-transmission - aerosol & direct
-symptoms: abrupt fever, chills, malaise, muscle ache, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, dry cough
-prevent: vaccine
-treat: runs course in 3-7 days, rest, symptom control meds |
|
|
Term
avain flu
-mortality
-transfer |
|
Definition
50% mortality
person-person is difficult, mostly bird-person |
|
|
Term
Lyme disease
-type of bacteria
-transmission
-symptoms
-treatment |
|
Definition
-spirochete bacteria
-passed on by tick saliva
-imitates other diseases with flu, fever, chills, headache, lethargy
leads to MENINGITIS
-treatment: look for bullseye rash, easily treated early with antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-test blood for spirochete antibodies
(with enzyme immunoassay, EIA or IFA)
-western immunoblot for confirmation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-STI
-genital warts
-vaccine exists
-primary cause of cervical cancer |
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