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pathology definitions
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Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
01/15/2012

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Term
Pathology
Definition
scientific study and diagnosis of disease which defines causes (aetiology),developments (pathogenesis), process and consequences
Term
Disease
Definition
Internal Problems that cause pain and or interfere with an animals ability to function
Term
Epidemic
Definition
a disease that undergoes a substantial increase in incidence in a group of animals
Term
Pandemic
Definition
a world wide epidemic
Term
Endemic
Definition
a constant often low level infection in a population
Term
Infectious disease
Definition
one caused my microorganisms (infectious agent) that can be transmitted from one animal to another)
Term
Zoonosis
Definition
An infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to people
Term
vector
Definition
an organism usually an insect that carries an infectious disease from one animal to another
Term
carrier
Definition
An individual who harbors the infectious agent but has no clinical signs
Term
Reservoir
Definition
The place where an infectious agents lives between epidemics (usually a carrier)
Term
Cachexia
Definition
Physical wasting with weight loss and muscle wasting caused by disease
Term
Acute/subacute
Definition
sudden onset/over a few days
Term
homeostasis
Definition
maintenance of normal within a cell body
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
Increase in size of cell/organ. no new cells
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
Increase in number of cells only possible in dividing cells eg mammary gland. Not heart or brain
Term
Atrophy
Definition
Decrease in size of cells/organ physiological(end lactation) pathological (muscle wasting)
Term
Metaplasia
Definition
reversible change one adult cell replaced by another adult cell type
Term
Necrosis
Definition
Death of a cell or tissue due to severe injury or disease lose integrity of cell membrane.
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
Programmed cell death- cells disintegrate into membrane bound particles that are eliminated by phagocytosis
Term
Amyloidosis
Definition
deposition on amyloid(protein) between cells in tissues - extracellular
Term
Steatosis
Definition
accumulation of fat (triglycerides) between cells. (lipidosis)
Term
Pyelitis
Definition
Inflammation of the kidney (renal pelvis)
Term
Leptomeningitis
Definition
Inflammation of pia mater in brain
Term
Empyema
Definition
accumulation of pus in naturally occurring cavity
Term
cellulitis
Definition
inflammation of subcutaneous or connective tissue. aetiology-staph aureus
Term
Gastritis
Definition
Inflammation of the stomach
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of veins
Term
Granulomatous Inflammation
Definition
Macrophage dominated chronic inflammation
Term
Granuloma
Definition
Focal area of granulomatous inflammation macrophage middle lymphocyte and plasma cell periphery
Term
Granulation tissue
Definition
In growth of new blood vessels deposited fibrin in repair of a clot
Term
Neoplasisa
Definition
Uncontrolled growth- abnormal proliferation of cells usually results in a tumour (benign or malignant)
Term
Active hyperaemia
Definition
Increase in volume of blood in arteries
Term
Passive Hyperaemia
Definition
Congestion increase in volume of blood in veins
Term
Ischaemia
Definition
Decrease in blood supply to organ or tissue
Term
Haemorrhage
Definition
Loss of circulating blood volume- Bleeding out of a vessel
Term
Oedema
Definition
Accumulation of extravascular fluid (interstitial) in tissue space or cavities
Term
Catarrhal
Definition
Serous inflammation of on mucous membrane and serosal surfaces eg airway
Term
Intussusception
Definition
Invagination of gut ie overlaps on itself
Term
Volvulus
Definition
Twist of gut around mesenteric root
Term
Hernia
Definition
Displacement of organ through tear, rupture or normal aperture.
Term
Infarction
Definition
Tissue death due to lack of oxygen due to lack of blood
Term
Haematoma
Definition
Large clotted accumulation of blood within an organ or cavity
Term
Cirrhosis
Definition
Scarring of liver and poor liver function - last stage in chronic liver disease
Term
Emphysema
Definition
Excessive inflation of the lung leads to damaged air sacs
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
Blood filled bulge in wall of vessel (usually artery)
Term
Mitral valve
Definition
Left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid Valve)
Term
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Definition
Formation of small blood clots within vessels
Term
Metastasis
Definition
Spread of a pathogen or tumour from and original site to one or more sites elsewhere in the body usually via blood vessels or lymphatics. Proliferation at distant site
Term
Agenesis
Definition
absence of an organ/tissue due to failure to develop no primordium
Term
Aplasia
Definition
Failure of an organ to develop-presence of a primordium
Term
Hypoplasia
Definition
Failure of an organ to develop to full size
Term
Atrophy
Definition
Shrinkage of an organ after its reached full size
Term
Dysplasia
Definition
A disordered growth and maturation of epithelium-non adaptive
Term
Anaplasia
Definition
Resemblance to embryonic form-arise from transformed stem cells
Term
Pleomorphism
Definition
Having more than one shape or form
Term
Idiopathic
Definition
Disease with an unknown cause
Term
Carcinoma
Definition
Malignant epithelial tumour
Term
sarcoma
Definition
Malignant mesenchymal tumour
Term
Myeloid
Definition
Bone marrow
Term
Alopecia
Definition
Hair loss
Term
Pyknosis
Definition
Irreversible condensation of chromatin in nucleus for apoptosis or necrosis
Term
Panniculitis
Definition
Inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Term
Erythema
Definition
Redness of the skin due to hyperaemia of the capillaries
Term
Pruritic
Definition
Itchy,scratchy
Term
Dyspnoea
Definition
Shortness of breath
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty swallowing
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
Incomplete distension of the lung
Term
Tachypnoea
Definition
Rapid breathing
Term
BALT
Definition
bronchi associated lymphoid tissue
Term
Dystrophic calcification
Definition
calcification in degenerated or necrotic tissue
Term
Saddle embolus
Definition
straddles arterial bifurcation
Term
Allotriophagia
Definition
Strange food cravings
Term
Atresia
Definition
Congenital absence or closure of normal openings or tubes
Term
Stenosis
Definition
Narrowing
Term
Exsiccosis
Definition
insufficient intake of fluids
Term
typhlitis
Definition
inflammation of the caecum
Term
proctits
Definition
inflammation of the rectum
Term
steatorrhea
Definition
excess fat in faeces
Term
Acanthosis
Definition
Difuse epidermal hyperplasia particularly stratum spinosum
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