Term
| Right Bronchus differential anatomy |
|
Definition
| Right bronchus is more vertical, higher, and parallel to trachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, acinus, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts/sacs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divide from bronchi, lack cartilage and submucosal glands, lead to terminal bronchioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distal to terminal bronchioles. Made of respiratory bronchioles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of three to five terminal bronchioles. Important in distinguishing forms of emphysema. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 95% by area. Produced by type 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rounded cells that synthesize surfactant contained in lamellar bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permit passage of bacteria and exudate between adjacent alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal detachment of primitive foregut, often in hilum. Bronchogenic, esophageal, enteric. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discrete mass of lung tissue without normal connection to the airway system. |
|
|
Term
| Extralobar sequestrations |
|
Definition
| external to the lung. Associated with other developmental abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Intralobar sequestrations |
|
Definition
| within lung substance in older children and often associated with infection or bronchiectasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete obstruction of an airway without impaired blood flow. Mediastinum shifts ipsilaterally. Caused by secretions or exudates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pleural cavity is partially or completely filled. Includes tension pneumothorax. Mediastinum shifts contralaterally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local or generalized fibrotic changes prevent full expansion |
|
|
Term
| Hemodynamic Pulmonary Edema |
|
Definition
| Most common. Often increased hydrostatic pressure. Often dependent edema. heart failure cells, brown induration, risk of infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemosiderin-laden macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart failure cells and fibrosis cause a firm brown lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is most severe: Diffuse Alveolar Damage, abrupt hypoxemia. waxy hyaline membranes in alveoli. Type 2 pneumocytes proliferate. |
|
|
Term
| Obstructive Lung Diseases |
|
Definition
| increase resistance to airflow, decreased maximal airflow rates. Include emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Includes emphysema and bronchitis. Often has a reversible 'asthema' component. Enlarged pores of Kohn, upper two thirds more severely affected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduced expansion of lung, reduced total lung capacity. Generally caused by chest wall disorders or chronic infiltrative diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irreversible enlargement of the airspace distal to the terminal bronchiole. Smokers, women, African Americans. Includes centriacinar, panacinar, distal acinar and irregular. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (centrilobular): central or proximal parts of the acini are affected whereas distal alveoli are spared. More severe in upper lobes. Black pigment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (panlobular): acini are uniformly enlarged. More commonly in the lower zones and in the anterior margins. Associated with alpha1-AT deficiency` |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (paraseptal): proximal portion of the acinus is normal. adjacent to areas of fibrosis, scarring or atelectasis. Often upper half of the lungs. Often cystlike structures and spontaneous pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Airspace Enlargement with Fibrosis): Acinus is irregularly involved. associated with scarring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goblet Cell Metaplasia, Inflammatory infiltration, smooth muscle hypertrophy. |
|
|
