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Definition
| - the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood. |
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Definition
| – the strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor |
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Definition
| – drugs that mimic the body’s own regulatory molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| – the ability of a drug to reach the systemic circulation from its site of administration |
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Definition
| - a measurement of the renal excretion ability. Although clearance may also involve other organs than the kidney, it is almost synonymous with renal clearance or renal plasma clearance. Each substance has a specific clearance that depends on its filtration characteristics. Clearance is a function of glomerular filtration, secretion from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron, and reabsorption from the nephron back to the peritubular capillaries. Clearance is constant in first-order kinetics because a constant fraction of the drug is eliminated per unit time, but it is variable in zero-order kinetics, because a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time |
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Term
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Definition
| – the study of drugs in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| - superfamily (officially abbreviated as CYP) is a large and diverse group of enzymes. The function of most CYP enzymes is to catalyze the oxidation of organic substances. The substrates of CYP enzymes include metabolic intermediates such as lipids and steroidal hormones, as well as xenobiotic substances such as drugs and other toxic chemicals. CYPs are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism and bioactivation, accounting for about 75% of the total number of different metabolic reactions |
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Definition
| – drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and from there into cells |
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Term
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Definition
| – Maximal efficacy is defined as the largest effect that a drug can produce. Maximal efficacy is indicated by the height of the dose-response curve; The term potency refers to the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect. Potency is indicated by the relative position of the dose-response curve along the x (dose) axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| - broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function.[3] There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage. |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of time a drug produces an effect |
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Term
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Definition
| - the dose that is required to produce a defined therapeutic response in 50% of the population; the middle of the frequency distribution curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| – a _____ drug is one that elicits the responses for which it is given. The most important property a drug can have. |
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Term
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Definition
| – Maximal efficacy is defined as the largest effect that a drug can produce. Maximal efficacy is indicated by the height of the dose-response curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| – combination of metabolism plus excretion |
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Term
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Definition
| – the removal of drugs from the body; most important organ to do this job: kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| – the rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| – the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% |
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Term
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Definition
| – makes more enzymes available |
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Term
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Definition
| - An enzyme ______ is a molecule that binds to enzymes and decreases their activity |
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Term
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Definition
| - average lethal dose, is the dose that is lethal to 50% of the animals treated |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| – large initial dose; maintenance doses are smaller doses |
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Term
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Definition
| - (biotransformation) is defined as enzymatically mediated alteration of drug structure |
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Term
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Definition
| – onset of action is the duration of time it takes for a drug's effects to come to prominence upon administration |
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Term
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Definition
| – the point at which the desired effect is greatest compared with any side effects |
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Term
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Definition
| – is an index of how much drug must be administered to elicit a desired response |
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Term
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Definition
| – a compound that is pharmacologically inactive as administered and then undergoes conversion to its active form within the body |
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Term
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Definition
| – a measure of a drug's safety. The therapeutic index, determined using laboratory animals, is defined as the ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50. (The LD50, or average lethal dose, is the dose that is lethal to 50% of the animals treated.) A large (or high) therapeutic index indicates that a drug is relatively safe. Conversely, a small (or low) therapeutic index indicates that a drug is relatively unsafe |
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Term
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Definition
| – the study of drugs in humans |
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Term
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Definition
– the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy. Alternatively, therapeutics can be defined simply as the medical use of drugs.
or the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| – four major pharmacokinetic processes: (1) drug absorption, (2) drug distribution, (3) drug metabolism, and (4) drug excretion. Collectively, these processes can be thought of as the impact of the body on drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| – impact of drugs on the body |
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Term
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Definition
| – the special “chemicals” in the body that most drugs interact with to produce effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| – maximum benefit with least harm |
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Term
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Definition
| – characteristic in which a drug elicits only the response for which it is given; there is no such thing: all medications cause side effects |
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Term
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Definition
| – a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses |
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Definition
| – the degree to which a substance can damage a living or non-living organisms; undesired effect |
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Term
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Definition
| – decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of repeated drug administration. |
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Term
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Definition
| – theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired blood concentration of a drug |
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