Term
| renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
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Definition
| low blood pressure--> baroreceptors--> JG cells--> Renin--> angiotensinogen (from the liver)--> angiotensin I--> lungs: ACE--> angiotensin II--> vasoconstriction + adrenal cortex: aldosterone--> Na+ retention--> Water retention--> increased vascular volume--> increased blood pressure |
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Term
| determinants of cardiac output |
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Definition
preload: volume of blood in left ventricle before systole (End Diastolic Volume)
afterload: pressure req'd to pump out preload
contractility: ability of the heart to change its force of contraction without changing its resting length (as is necessary with skeletal muscles)
heart rate: |
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Term
| normal cardiac circulation through heart, arterial and venous system |
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Definition
| right atrium--> tricuspid--> right ventricle--> pulmonic valve--> pulmonary artery--> lungs--> pulmonary veins--> left atrium--> bicuspid/mitral valve--> left ventricle--> aortic valve--> aorta--> arteries--> arterioles--> capillaries--> venules--> veins--> superior/inferior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| troponins (TnT and TnI) as well as creatine kinase (CK) are both markers which in high concentrations are indicative of MI. |
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Term
| different types of tests that can be done to evaluate coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion |
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Definition
EKG: shows signs of ischemia
cardiac cath: gold standard: inject dye via major artery and visualize flow
echocardiogram: ultrasound
stress testing: exercise, increase HR
nuclear imaging: perfusion imaging, infarct imaging |
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Term
| normal cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride levels |
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Definition
Cholesterol: <200 mg/dL
LDL: <100
HDL: 40-60 |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular contraction, expulsion of blood from heart into circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular relaxation, filling of chambers with blood |
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Term
pulse pressure
mean arterial pressure |
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Definition
PP: systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
MAP: average pressure in arterial system during ventricular contraction & relaxation |
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Term
| repolarization, depolarization, relative refractory period, absolute refractory period |
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Definition
R: after membrane potential has reached threshold, and the AP has fired, the potential returns to resting state
D: the dropping of the membrane potential below resting state in reaction to the firing of the action potential
RRP: membrane potential is high enough to be acted on, but not quite at resting yet
ARP: the membrane potential is below the minimum required for it to be acted on |
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Term
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Definition
| severe muscle pain caused by arterial occlusion r/t PAD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs |
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Term
| coronary artery circulation. |
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Definition
| during systole, blood is pumped outward through the aortic valve, upon diastole, the blood remaining in the aorta is channeled through the LMCA, LADA, CB, RCA, & PDA to the cardiac tissue |
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Term
| classification of BP for adults |
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Definition
Normal: <120/80
PreHTN: 120/80-139/89
HTN1: 140/90-159/99
HTN2: >160/100 |
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Term
| normal conduction through the heart (and inherent firing rates of pacemakers) |
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Definition
| SA node (60-100 bpm)--> AV node (40-60)--> bundle of his--> purkinje--> ventricles (20-40) |
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Term
| area of the heart supplied by left anterior descending coronary artery |
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Definition
LMCA: Left Side of Heart
LADA: Inferior Left Ventricle |
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Term
| area of the heart supplied by circumflex branch |
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Definition
| CB: Anterior Left Ventricle |
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Term
| area of the heart supplied by right coronary artery |
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Definition
RCA: Right side of heart
PDA: Right ventricle |
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Term
| pair the waveforms with the electrical stages of the heart: PQRSTUV |
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Definition
P: atrial depolarization
PQ: AV delay
PR interval: .12-.20 sec, prolonged: heart block
QRS: ventricular depolarization; duration: .10-.12 sec, prolonged: abnormal ventricular polarization (VTAC, bundle branch block)
T: Ventricular repolarization, directly related to K concentration
U: repolarization of Purkinje's
V: trick question |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of right and left sided heart failure |
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Definition
Right: tissue issues: edema, ascites, hepatomegaly, etc.
Left: pulmonary problems: tachypnea, rales, pulmonary edema, cyanosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| electrolyte which influences cardiac contractility the most |
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Definition
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