Term
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Definition
cortex:3 sets of hormones
-glucocorticoids: (cortisol)increase glucose output by the liver. Regulated in a feedback look with ACTH(pit)
-mineralcorticoids: (aldosterone) regulates sodium excretions
-androgens: sex hormones
medulla: cathecholamines-(epi, norepi) how we respond to stress |
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Term
disorders of the adrenal medulla |
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Definition
hyperfunction: increased catecholamine production (usually due to a tumor)
hypofunction: no know disease process |
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Term
adrenal medulla:
hyperfunction |
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Definition
increased catecholamine production
pheochromocytomas-tumor of adrenal gland
-relatively common neoplasm
-uncommon cause of HTN
-age 40-50
-myocardial damage
-cerebral hemorrhage
-paroxysmal release of catecholamines: headaches, sweating... |
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Term
disorders of the adrenal cortex |
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Definition
hyperfunction: hyperadrenalism
-cushing syndrome (increased cortisol)
-adosteronism (increased aldosterone)
-adrenogenital syndromes (increased androgens_
hypofunction: hypoadrenalism
-addison disease or primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency (decreased aldosterone) |
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Term
hypercortisolism:
Cushing Syndrome
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Definition
causes:
-pituitary-based disorders
-adrenal-based
-ectopic ACTH production (secreting tumors)
-iatrogenic origin (steroid treatments)
clinical manifestations:
-"moon-like" face
-buffalo hump
-truncal obesity
-muscular weakness
-poor wound healing |
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Term
hyperaldosteronism:
conn syndrome |
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Definition
cause:
-aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenomas
-idopathic hyperaldosteronism (primary)
clinical manif:
-HTN!!
-hypernatremia
-hyperkalemia
-polyuria |
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Term
androgenital syndromes:
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
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Definition
hereditary
-decreased ability to make cortisol and aldosterone, increased ACTH production from decreased cortisol affecting feedback loop
-clincal (females)
beard growth
deep voice
occasional baldness
masculine pattern pubic hair growth
-clinical (males)
premature puberty
precocious libido |
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Term
hypoadrenalism:
addison disease |
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Definition
causes:
-idiopathic adrenalitis (autoimmune)
-tuberculosis (infections)
-malignancy-decreased amount of functioning tissue
-trauma-tissue damage |
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Term
Addison disease:
cortisol deficiency manifestations |
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Definition
weakness
fatigue
anorexia
N/V
weight loss
hypotension
intolerance to physiologic stress )infections
hyperpigmentation (elevated ATCH) |
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Term
Addison disease:
aldosterone deficiency manifestations |
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Definition
renal NA+ loss and K+ retention leading to:
-severe dehydration
-hypotension
-hyponatremia
-hyperkalemia
-metabolic acidosis
addisonian crisis in severe cases-potential of vasculature collapsing because they do not have enough fluid |
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Term
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Definition
acute cortisol insufficiency precipitated by stress (not as common as aldsosterone)
hyperkalemic cardiac arrhythmias
hyponatremia
medical emergency! |
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