Term
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Definition
Skin
Nonspecific
Unbroken skin and mucous membranes
Secretions such as tears and gastric juices |
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Term
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Definition
Mast cells non specialized T cells
Create an inflammation process that allows migration of these cells
Extra oxygen
Macrophages eat up all the stuff that was determined to be not part of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles |
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Term
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Definition
Specific defenses
T cells and B lymphocytes
Antibodies
Specific antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| A large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Force of the blood pressure pushing stuff out of the capillaries through the capillary membrane into the interstitial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Will facilitate movement into the capillaries so they can enter the veins
fluid, carbon dioxide, and other wastes
Ultimately leave the body |
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Term
| What are the steps of Inflammation Response |
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Definition
Injury
Cells release chemical mediators
Vasodilation - Increased blood flow
Increased capillary permeability
Leukocytes move to site of injury
Phagocytosis - Removal of debris in preparation for healing |
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Term
| What are the steps of normal capillary exchange |
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Definition
Blood flow
Normal fluid shift
Protein remains in blood
Water, electrolytes, and glucose into interstitial fluid
Cells remain in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between blood vessels and cells, containing nutrients from capillaries by diffusion and holding waste products discharged by cells due to metabolism. 11 liters of the ECF are interstitial fluid and the remaining three liters are plasma |
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Term
| Disorders are named using the ending |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation is a _______ defense mechanism |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation vs Infection are they the same thing |
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Definition
Infection and inflammation are not the same thing
Infection can be a cause of inflammation but they are not interchangeable
Unless we have a pathogen present we don't run for antibiotics |
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Term
| Causes of physical damage |
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Definition
Direct physical damage
cut, sprain
Caustic chemicals
Acid, drain cleaner
Ischemia or infarction
Allergic reactions HUGE source
Extremes of heat of cold
Foreign bodies
Splinter, glass
Infection (Pathogens) |
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Term
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Definition
| The term ischemia means that blood flow to a tissue has decreased, which results in hypoxia, or insufficient oxygen in that tissue, whereas infarction goes one step further and means that blood flow has been completely cut off, resulting in necrosis, or cellular death |
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Term
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Definition
Release of bradykinin from injured cells
Activation of pain receptors by bradykinin
Mast cells and basophils release histamine
Capillary dilation (bradykinin and histamine)
Increased blood flow and capillary permeability
Bacteria may enter the tissue
Neutrophil and monocytes come to injury site
Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria
Macrophages leave bloodstream for phagocytosis of microbes |
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Term
| During the cellular response, leukocytes are attracted to |
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Definition
| Chemotaxis to the area of inflammation as damaged cells release their contents |
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Term
| When monocytes and macrophages collect along the capillary wall and then migrate out through wider separations int he wall into the interstitial area the movement is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator and mild diuretic, which may cause a lowering of the blood pressure. It also causes contraction of non-vascular smooth muscle in the bronchus and gut, increases vascular permeability and is also involved in the mechanism of pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Are immune cells derived from the myeloid lineage. After arising in the bone marrow, progenitor cells circulate and become home to various tissues. Under the influence of stem cell factors locally produced by many cells in the tissue, the progenitor differentiates into a mature mast cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Are a type of white blood cell that works closely with your immune system to defend your body from allergens, pathogens and parasites. Basophils release enzymes to improve blood flow and prevent blood clots |
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Term
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Definition
| Histamine is a chemical your immune system releases. It's mainly known for its role in causing allergy symptoms. But it has other important functions, like regulating your sleep-wake cycle and cognitive function. Antihistamines are a common medication that can manage histamine levels |
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Term
| Basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils are |
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Definition
| Are the three types of granulocytes in the body. Each of these releases different enzymes to fulfill a different role in the body's immune response. The enzymes that basophils release are called histamine and heparin. Histamine is a vasodilator |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition |
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Term
| Local effects of inflammation |
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Definition
Redness and warmth
- Caused by increased blood flow to damaged area
Swelling (edema)
- Shift of protein and fluid into the interstitial space
Pain
- Increased pressure of fluid on nerves; release of chemical mediators (bradykinins)
Loss of function
- May develop if cells lack nutrients; edema may interfere with movement
Exudate
Serous
- Watery, consists of primarily of fluid, some proteins, and white blood cells
Fibrinous
- Thick, sticky, high cell and fibrin content
Purulent
-Thick, yellow-green, contains more leukocytes, cell debris, and microorganisms
Abscess
- Localized pocket of purulent exudate in solid tissue
Hemorrhagic exudate
- Present when blood vessels are damaged |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a buildup of a pus that can affect any part of your body |
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Term
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Definition
| Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus |
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Term
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Definition
Serous drainage is a clear to yellow fluid that leaks out of a wound. It's slightly thicker than water. It's the fluid that makes your bandage look and feel wet. This type of wound drainage is a normal part of your body's healing process
Too much serous fluid is a sign of an infection |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is difference between pyrexia and fever |
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Definition
| Fever is any elevation in body temperature above normal body temperature of 98.6 degrees F, whereas pyrexia is typically anything above 100.4 degrees F. |
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Term
| Systemic effects of inflammation |
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Definition
Release of pyrogens in circulation
Reset hypothalamic control -> High
Body responses that increase body temp.
- Shiver
- Vasoconstriction in skin (pallor)
- Increased BMR
- Increased heart rate
- Curl up body
Body reaches new high temp.
- Feel warm
Treatment to remove pyrogens
Reset hypothalamus to normal
Body responses that increase heat loss
- Vasodilation
- Sweating
- Lethargy
- Extend body
Body returns to normal temp. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood |
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