Term
In a complete fracture:
a) the fracture crosses or involves the entire width or thickness of the bone
b) more than two bone fragments are present
c) separation of ligaments exists
d) posttraumatic infection is always present
e) the surface opposite the break is intact |
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Definition
| a - the fracture crosses or involves the entire width or thickness of the bone |
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Term
In an oblique fracture, the energy or force is:
a) twisting with the distal part unable to move
b) compressive and at an angle
c) directly to an already weakened bone
d) directly to the distal fragment |
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Definition
| b - compressive and at an angle |
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Term
Which is a definite sign of a fracture?
a) abrasion
b) shock
c) muscle spasm
d) unnatural alignment
e) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary muscular dysfunctions:
a) involve large compartments of hemorrhage
b) can display contractures
c) result from failure of calcium pump
d) are related to the muscle itself
e) both b and c |
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Definition
| e - can display contractures and result from failure of calcium pump |
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Term
the most common cause of osteomyelitis is:
a) hematogenous spread of infection
b) rheumatoid disease
c) direct contamination of an open wound
d) deficiency of calcium
e) deficiency of vitamin D |
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Definition
| c - direct contamination of an open wound |
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Term
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves:
a) inadequate mineralization
b) alteration in the OPG/RANKL/RANK system
c) formation of sclerotic bone
e) none of the above |
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Definition
| c - formation of sclerotic bone |
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Term
Osteomalacia causes:
a)loss of bone matrix
b) inadequate mineralization
c) radiolucency
d) all of the above
e) b and c |
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Definition
| e - inadequate mineralization and radiolucency |
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Term
Bone tumors may originate from all of the following except:
a) epithelial tissue
b) cartilage
c) fibrous tissue
d) vascular tissue
e) mesoderm |
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Definition
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Term
In benign bone tumors, there is:
a) a uniform and well-defined lytic area
b) a moth-eaten pattern of bone destruction
c) abnormal bone merging with surrounding normal bone tissue
d) an area of partially destroyed bone adjacent to completely lytic areas |
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Definition
| a - a uniform and well-defined lytic area |
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Term
An osteosarcoma is a(n):
a) collagenic, malignant bone tumor
b) myelogenic, benign tumor
c) myelogenic, malignant tumor
d) osteogenic, benign bone tumor
e) osteogenic, malignant tumor |
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Definition
| e - osteogenic, malignant tumor |
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Term
A major symptom of bone cancer is:
a) faltering gait
b) persistent pain that worsens at night
c) lack of sensation
d) general swelling over a bone
e) coolness over a bone |
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Definition
| b - persistent pain that worsens at night |
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Term
Giant cell tumors:
a) are collagenic tumors
b) are located in the diaphysis of a long bone
c) have extensive osteoblastic activity
d) have high recurrence rates
d) are multifocal |
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Definition
| d - have high recurrence rates |
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Term
Tendinopathy is:
a) inflammation of a tendon where it attaches to bone
b) painful because of disorganized collagen fibers caused by repetitive stress on tendons
c) a torn tendon
d) a complete separation of tendon |
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Definition
| e - a complete separation of a tendon |
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Term
RA begins with:
a) destruction of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue
b) inflammation of ligaments
c) destruction of the articular cartilage
d) softening of the articular cartilage
e) destruction of the joint capsule |
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Definition
| a - destruction of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue |
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Term
The causes of OA include which of the following? (More than one may apply)
a) enzymatic breakdown
b) proteoglycan destruction
c) rheumatoid factor
d) circulating immune complexes
e) infections |
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Definition
| a, b - enzymatic breakdown and proteoglycan destruction |
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Term
Ankylosing spondylitis: (More than one may apply)
a) is a systemic immune inflammatory disease
b) is characterized by stiffening or fusion of the spine
c) causes instability of synovial joints
d) begins with inflammation of fibrocartilage
e) is manifested early by low back pain and stiffness |
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Definition
| a, b, d, e - is a systemic immune inflammatory disease, is characterized by stiffening or fusion of the spine, begins with inflammation of fibrocartilage, and is manifested early by low back pain and stiffness |
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Term
In gout:
a) the pathogenesis is formation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues
b) purine metabolism is altered
c) affected individuals likely have an inherited enzyme defect
d) the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
e) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
A muscle contracture is:
a) likely caused by increased activity in the reticular activating system and the gamma loop in the muscle fiber
b) muscle shortening possibly because of CNS injury
c) often helped by relaxation training and biofeedback
d) a consequence of reduced muscle protein synthesis
e) all of the above |
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Definition
| b - muscle shortening possibly because of CNS injury |
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Term
Myotonia is all of the following except:
a) delayed relaxation after voluntary muscle contractions
b) prolonged depolarization of the muscle membrane
c) mostly inherited
d) unresponsiveness to neural stimulation
e) progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| d - unresponsiveness to neural stimulation |
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Term
Rhabdomyosarcoma has:
a) a poor prognosis
b) aggressive invasion
c) early, widespread dissemination
d) pleomorphic types
e) all of the above |
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Definition
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