Term
High altitudes may produce hypoxemia by:
a) right-to-left shunts
b) hypoventilation
c) decreased oxygen inspiration
d) diffusion abnormalities
e) all of the above |
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Definition
| c - decreased oxygen inspiration |
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Term
In ARDS, increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability is caused by:
a) platelet-activating factor
b) oxygen-free radicals
c) tumor necrosis factor
d) both a and c
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Type II pneumocyte damage causes:
a) increased alveolocapillary permeability
b) chemotaxis for neutrophils
c) exudation of fluid from capillaries into interstitium
d) decreased surfactant production
e) all of the above |
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Definition
| d - decreased surfactant production |
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Term
Pulmonary edema may be caused by abnormal:
a) capillary hydrostatic pressure
b) capillary oncotic pressure
c) capillary permeability
d) both a and c
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
In bronchial asthma:
a) bronchial muscles contract
b) bronchial muscles relax
c) mucous secretions decrease
d) imbalances within the CNS develop |
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Definition
| a - bronchial muscles contract |
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Term
Asthma is precipitated by which of the following inflammatory mediators? (More than one may apply)
a) histamine
b) prostaglandins
c) leukotrienes
d) leukotrienes
e) neutrophilic infiltration |
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Definition
| a, b, c, d - histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and neutrophilic infiltration |
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Term
In emphysema:
a) there is increased area for gaseous exchange
b) there are prolonged inspirations
c) the bronchioles are primarily involved
d)diaphragm movement in increased
e) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Chronic bronchitis: (More than one may apply)
a) is caused by lack of surfactant
b) is caused by air pollutants
c) exhibits a productive cough
d) causes collapsed alveoli |
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Definition
| b, c - is caused by air pollutants and exhibits a productive cough |
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Term
Which is INCONSISTENT with pneumonia?
a) chest pain, cough, and rales
b) involves only interstitial lung tissue
c) may be caused mycoplasms
d) can be lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia |
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Definition
| b - involves only interstitial lung tissue |
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Term
Tuberculosis: (More than one may apply)
a) is caused by an aerobic bacillus
b) may affect other organs
c) involves a type III hypersensitivity
d) antibodies may be detected by a skin test |
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Definition
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Term
Pulmonary emboli usually: (More than one may apply)
a) obstruct blood supply to lung parenchyma
b) originate from thrombi in legs
c) occlude pulmonary vein branches
d) occlude pulmonary artery branches |
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Definition
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Term
Pulmonary hypertension:
a) occurs when left arterial pressure is elevated
b) involves deep vein thrombosis
c) shows right ventricular hypertrophy on an electrocardiogram
d) both a and c
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Cor pulmonale:
a) occurs in response to long-standing pulmonary hypertension
b) is right heart failure
c) is manifested by altered tricuspid and pulmonic valve sounds
d) both b and c
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
The metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma is:
a) late
b) very early and widespread
c) early
d) early and widespread
e) never seen |
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Definition
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