Term
Adiponectin is:
a) an enzyme
b) increased in obesity
c) inflammatory
d) antiatherogenic |
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Definition
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Term
Events in the development of atherosclerotic plaque include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) accumulation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol
b) smooth muscle proliferation
c) calcification
d) decreased elasticity
e) complement activation |
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Definition
| e - complement activation |
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Term
GP, a 50 year old man, was referred for evaluation of blood pressure. If he has a high diastolic blood pressure, which of the following is GP's reading?
a) 140/82 mm Hg
b) 160/72 mm Hg
c) 130/95 mm Hg
d) 95/68 mm Hg
e) 140/72 mm Hg |
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Definition
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Term
The complications of uncontrolled hypertension include all of the following except:
a) cerebrovascular accidents
b) anemia
c) renal injury
d) cardiac hypertrophy
e) all of the above are complications |
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Definition
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Term
Primary hypertension:
a) is essentially idiopathic
b) can be caused by renal disease
c) can be caused by hormone imbalance
d) results from arterial coarctation
e) b, c, and d are correct |
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Definition
| a - is essentially idiopathic |
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Term
Orthostatic hypotension is caused by all of the following except:
a) increased age
b) increased blood volume
c) autonomic nervous system dysfunction
d) bed rest
e) severe varicose veins |
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Definition
| b - increased blood volume |
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Term
Localized outpouching of a vessel wall or heart chamber is:
a) a thrombus
b) an embolus
c) a thromboembolus
d) an aneurysm
e) a vegetation |
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Definition
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Term
Which is a possible cause of varicose veins?
a) gravitational forces on blood
b) long periods of standing
c) trauma to the saphenous veins
d) both b and c are correct
e) a, b and c are correct |
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Definition
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Term
a 76 year old man came to the emergency room after experiencing chest pain while shoveling snow. Laboratory tests revealed essentially normal blood levels of SGOT, CPK, and LDH enzymes. The chest pain was relieved following rest and nitroglycerin therapy. The most probably diagnosis is:
a) myocardial infarction
b) emphysema
c) angina pectoris
d) hepatic cirrhosis
e) acute pancreatis |
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Definition
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Term
Complications of an infarcted myocardium likely could include (more than one may apply):
a) emphysema
b) heart failure
c) endocarditis
d) death
e) systemic thromboembolism |
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Definition
| b, d, e - heart failure, death, systemic thromboembolism |
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Term
In pericardial effusion:
a) fibrotic lesions obliterate the pericardial cavity
b) there is associated rheumatoid arthritis
c) tamponade compresses the right heart before affecting other structures
d) arterial blood pressure during expiration exceeds that during inspiration
e) both c and d |
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Definition
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Term
CHamber volume increase is observed in what type of cardiomyopathy?
a) dilated
b) hypertrophic
c) restrictive
d) both a and b
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement is true regarding rheumatic heart disease? (more than one may apply):
a) it is caused by staphylococcal infections
b) It is caused by hypersensitivity/immunity to streptococci
c) it damages the tricuspid valve most often
d) it usually damages the mitral valve |
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Definition
| b, d - it is caused by hypersensitivity/immunity to streptococci and it usually damages the mitral valve |
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Term
Individuals with only left heart failure would exhibit which of the following? (More than one answer may apply)
a) hepatomegaly
b) dyspnea
c) ankle swelling
d) pulmonary edema
e) peripheral edema |
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Definition
| b, d - dyspnea and pulmonary edema |
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Term
In congestive heart failure, the pump or myocardium itself fails because of which of the following? (More than one may apply)
a) loss of contractile force of the heart
b) hypertension
c) cardiac dysrhythmias
d) intermittent claudication from occlusive vascular disease |
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Definition
| a, b, c - loss of contractile force of the heart, hypertension, and cardiac dysrhythmias |
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Term
Shock is a complex pathophysiologic process involving all of the following except:
a) decreased blood perfusion to kidneys
b) acidosis
c) rapid heart rate
d) hypertension
e) anaerobic glycolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Which statement is incorrect concerning hypertension? a) malignant hypertension is characterized by a diastolic pressure higher than 140 mm HG b) more than 90% of cases are of the essential or primary type c) headache is the most reliable symptom d) when it is left untreated, the major risks include CVA's and cardiac hypertrophy |
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Definition
| c - headache is the most most reliable symptom |
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Term
A 53 year old man was admitted to the emergency room after experiencing shortness of breath, weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias, and chest pain that did not subside after nitroglycerin therapy. Laboratory tests showed that the patient had an elevations of serum CPK, troponin, and SCOT or AST. ECG tracings revealed a prominent Q wave and an elevated ST segment. The most probable diagnosis is:
a) a transient ischemic attack
b) an acute myocardial infarct
c) an attack of unstable angina pectoris
d) Prinzmetal angina
e) coronary artery vasospasm |
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Definition
| b - an acute myocardial infarct |
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