Term
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Definition
| water, lipids/carbohy., glycogen, proteins, pigments, calcium |
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Term
Apoptosis-?
Necrotic cell death-? |
|
Definition
Apop- programmed cell death
Necr.- unregulated cell death (multiple) |
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Term
Hyperplasia-?
Dysplasia-?
Ex.? |
|
Definition
Hyper- increase in # of cells bc increase rate of cellular division
Dys- overgrowth of cell with change in structure & organization & shape
Ex.-papsmear caused by virus- HPV
Reversible |
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Term
Aspyxiation-?
Suffocation-? |
|
Definition
Aspyxiation-restriction of chest movement and oxygen deprivation of the cells
Suffocation-Oxygen failing to reach blood/blockage of external airways |
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|
Term
Strangulation-?
Chem Aspyx-?
Drowning-? |
|
Definition
Strang.- compression/closure of blood vessels & airways from external pressure on neck
Chem. Aspyx.- Prevent delivery of O2 to tissue/ block it utilization (cyanide hydrogen sulfide)
Drowning- fluids block O2 from lungs |
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Term
| Chemical injury to cell by? |
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Definition
| Carbon tetrachloride, lead, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, social/street drugs |
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Term
____ decrease or shrinkage of cell size?
_____-natural loss
_____-occurs as result of decreased work load, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, nerve stimulation |
|
Definition
Atrophy;
Physiologic;
Pathologic |
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Term
|
Definition
Laceration- tearing/ripping of skin/tissue when pulled more than it can withstand
Fracture- breaks in bone |
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Term
Incised wound-?
Stab wound-? |
|
Definition
Incised wound- longer than deep (superficial)
stab wound- deeper than long (internal) |
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Term
Puncture-?
Chopping-?
Contercoup-? |
|
Definition
Puncture- small deep
chopping- cut/ crushing tissue
contercoup- whip lash effect |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Blunt force- tearing, ripping, shearing, crushing of tissue
Contusion- Bleeding into skin, tissue, organs |
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Term
|
Definition
Hematoma-collection of blood in confined (nonexpanding) space- like skull
Abrasion- superficial layers of skin removed |
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Term
| Tumor necrosis factor secreted by _______ induces_____ by__________ synthesizes____________ causes___________ |
|
Definition
| Macrophages; fever by endogenous protein; synthesis of inflammatory serum protein; causes muscle wasting |
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Term
Hypoxia- lack of ______. Leads to decrease in ____ then _______ so _______ and _______ follow, causing ___________& _______
Ex.:________ |
|
Definition
Hypoxia- lack of oxygen. Leads to decrease in ATP production then failure of Na+/K+ pump->Na+ retention & water follows causing vacuolation & death
Ex: high altitudes, lung disease, ischemia, edemia, anemia |
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|
Term
Fat necrosis-______ breaks down lipids
Occurs in ________ _______ |
|
Definition
| lipase; breast and pancreas |
|
|
Term
Liquefactive necrosis- _____ enzymes destroy all tissue. Usually in _____
Ex.: ? |
|
Definition
Hydrolytic enzymes; brain
Ex.: staph, strept, e.coli >>>> all in the brain |
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Term
| ________- proportional cell enlargement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| growth due to increase workload/ hormone stimulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Growth due to disease or other factors |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Examples of physiologic atrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ex. of pathologic atrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of Physiologic hypertrophy |
|
Definition
| body builder, uterus/ mam. glands, during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Pathologic Hypertrophy |
|
Definition
| Hypertension, heart disease, decreased valves |
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Term
Metaplasia-?
Purpose?
Reversible? |
|
Definition
Change of cell type because being under a stressor for long periods of time.
Purpose- become durable
Reversible if stressor is removed |
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Term
|
Definition
| if O2 restored quickly=oxygenated stress |
|
|
Term
Free radicals -?
Can cause-? |
|
Definition
Unstable, will steal atoms
Can cause- lipid peroxidation, protein alterations, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial damage |
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|
Term
| Cells usually have __ calcium inside of the cell. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| found in dead/dying tissue. Released Ca+ leaving deposits |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Calcification- Ca+ is too high so body deposits excess Ca+ in tissue |
|
|
Term
caseous necrosis-?
Means-?
Body tries to? |
|
Definition
combo of liquifactive and coagulative. Means clumps of cheese. Body tries todigest foreign cells
Ex:TB- partially broken down & encapsulated |
|
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Term
|
Definition
protein denaturation because of hypoxia. Changes tissue composition from soft to firm.
occurs in kidney, heart, adrenal gland |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Clostridium infection produces bubbles because broken down RBC causes shock then death |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| arterial blood flow but no venous blood flow. Form of liquifactive necrosis. more likely to get a bacterial infection because its wet. SMELLS |
|
|
Term
Gangrenous necrosis-?
Dry-? |
|
Definition
Large area of necrosis coagulative with lack of blood flow.
Form of dry wrinkled skin with demarkation line |
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