Term
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Definition
| state of awareness of oneself and one's environment |
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Term
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Definition
| state of wakefulness or responsiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| all the cognitive mental functions of a person, such as reasoning, thinking, and feeling |
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Term
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Definition
decreased muscle tone
passive movement of muscle occurs with little or no resistance |
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Term
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Definition
occurs when nerve impulses do not reach muscles
results in atrophy
muscles may be moved rapidlywithout resistance |
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Term
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Definition
excessive muscle tone
passive movement of musces occurs with resistance |
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Term
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Definition
results from hyperexcitability of stretch reflexes
associated with damage to motor, premotor, and supplementary motor areas
have increased deep tendon reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
resistance to passive movement that varies in direct proportion with force applied
associated with frontal lobe injury |
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Term
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Definition
sustained, involuntary twisting movements caused by slow muscle contraction
injury to putamen |
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Term
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Definition
produced by tonic reflex activity mediated by gamma motor neurons
muscles firm and tense |
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Term
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Definition
| lead-pipe, cogwheel, gamma, and alpha |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
characterized by quick, jerky, and purposeless movements, and usually associated with damage to basal ganglia
random, uncontrolled contractions of different muscle groups interrupt normal progression of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| involves continuous, slow, writing, worm-like movements which exhibit a high degree of spasticity, and which make normal, voluntary movement difficult to perform |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of continued, wild, violent movements of large body parts |
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Term
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Definition
| continued, wild, violent movements of large body parts on only one side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
special type of hyperactivity
mild compulsion to move (usually in legs)
carrying out movement brings sense of relief |
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Term
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Definition
| rhythmic, oscillating movement affecting one or more body parts |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal involuntary movement |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased movement-loss of voluntary movement despite consciouness and normal peripheral nerve and muscle function |
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Term
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Definition
weakness
incomplete loss of muscle power/inability of muscle group to overcome gravitiy |
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Term
| upper motor neuron syndromes |
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Definition
| associated with pyramidal motor syndrome- involves series of motor dysfunctions resulting from interruption of pyramidal system |
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Term
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Definition
| weakness on one side/Hemiplegia-paralysis on one side |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of lower extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of all four extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| complete cessation of spinal cored functions below lesion |
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Term
| lower motor neuron syndromes |
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Definition
impairs both voluntary and involuntary movement
degree of paraylsis or paresis proportional to number of lower motor neurons affected |
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Term
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Definition
lower motor syndromes originating in anterior horn cells or motor nuclei of cranial nerves
muscle strength, tone, and bulk are affected in muscles innervated by involved motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| involve damage to onr or more cranial nerve nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
decrease in associated and voluntary movements
dysfunction of extrapyramidal system |
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Term
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Definition
| slowness of voluntary movements |
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Term
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Definition
| maintenance of abnormal posture through muscular contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| upper extremities flexed at elbows and held close to body and lowe rextremities externally rotated and extended |
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Term
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Definition
| increased tone in extensor muscles and trunk muscles, with active tonic neck reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
| stooped, hyperflexed posture with narrow-based, short-stepped gait |
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Term
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Definition
| increasingly flexed posture similar to basal ganglion dysfunction |
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Term
| upper motor neuron dysfuction |
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Definition
| may be foot drop, spastic gait, scissors gait |
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Term
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Definition
wide-based with feet apart and turned outward or inward for greater stability
pelvis held stiff
staggering walk |
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Term
| basal ganglion and senile gaits |
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Definition
broad-based gaits
person walks with small steps and decreased arm swing |
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Term
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Definition
| pathologic laughter or crying |
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Term
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Definition
aprosody
inability to understand emotion or inability to express emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of emotional language |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to perform purposeful or skilled motor acts in absence of paralysis, sensory loss, abnormal posture and tone, abnormal involuntary movement, incoordination, or inattentiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by an inability to predict and measure the end-point of a movement, resulting in movement past the point of intention, called past-pointing or overshooting |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which movement begins too early or too late, disrupting the normal orderly "progression of movement" |
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Term
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Definition
| failure in progression of word formation resulting in explosive, slurred, almost unintelligible speech |
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