Term
|
Definition
| Adds emotion to memory and stimulates aggression and fear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls basic activities such as hunger, thirst, and temperature; governs endocrine system via pituitary gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central part of limbic system; linked to memory formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central "headquarters" of the brain; receives sensory information (except smell) and sends it to higher brain regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neural fibers that connect the hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coordinates voluntary movement and balance; enables nonverbal learning, modulates emotions, distinguishes between textures/sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls arousal and consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outer covering of the brain; consists of four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal); associated with higher thinking functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls involuntary behavior such as breathing and heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located behind forehead; makes judgements and future plans; involved with speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located at top of head; receives sensory input for touch and body positioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located at back of head; receives visual information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located at side of head; receives auditory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extra cranial tissue that integrates sensory information with memory and thinking (considered higher brain regions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located in frontal lobe; involved with speaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located in temporal lobe; understands language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oldest part of brain that is responsible for automatic survival functions; includes medulla and reticular formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located at border of cerebrum and brainstem; consists of amygdala, hippocamus, hypothalamus; maintains self-preservation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located behind frontal lobe; controls voluntary muscle movements of opposite sides of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located in front of parietal lobe; registers body sensations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carry messages from the body's tissues and sensory organs inward toward the spinal cord and brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carry messages from the brain and spinal cord outward toward the body's tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Processes information between sensory and motor neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fibers on a neuron that receive incoming information and conduct it toward the cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extension that passes messages away from the neuron cell body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Layer of fatty tissue that insulates the axon and helps speed up impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brief electrical charge that travels down the axon (neural impulse) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrical state of a neuron at rest, when the inside of the axon is negatively charged and the exterior is negatively charged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Junction between axon of a sending neuron and dendrite of a receiving neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, influencing whether that neuron will generate an impulse or not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process whereby neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body's naturally occurring morphine neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules that mimic neurotransmitters and their effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules that inhibit neurotransmitters by blocking their active sites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, memory; with Alzheimer's these neurons deteriorate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, emotion; excess causes schizophrenia, undersupply leads to Parkinson's disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal; undersupply causes depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter that controls alertness/arousal; undersupply depresses mood |
|
|
Term
| GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) |
|
Definition
| Major inhibitory neurotransmitter; undersupply causes seizures, tremors, insomnia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory; excess causes migraines and seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body's electrochemical communications network; made up of peripheral and central nervous systems |
|
|
Term
| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
|
Definition
| Formed by brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
|
Definition
| Sensory and motor neurons that connect to the CNS and the rest of the body; made up of somatic and autonomic nervous systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bundled axons that connect CNS with muscles, glands, sense organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enables voluntary control of muscles (part of PNS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls glands and muscles of internal organs (part of PNS); made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Arouses the body and mobilizes energy (part of autonomic nervous system) |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Calms the body and conserves energy (part of autonomic nervous system) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brain clusters of neurons involved in learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connects PNS to brain; involved in reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body's slow chemical communication system; set of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical messengers that affect tissues; sometimes outlast effects of neural messages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine glands above the kidneys that secrete adrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine system's most influential gland; under direction of hypothalamus, it simulates growth and controls all hormones |
|
|
