the valid name of an organism is that which it was first designated;

• published and described
• use binary nomenclature

1. developmental stimuli
2. use of body's digestive enzymes
3. nutrition
4. chemicals of host allow parasite to mature

What are 3 differences between a parasite and a free-living organism?

1. high reproduction rate
2. anaerobic respiration
3. depends on environment for developmental needs

1. Number of trophozoites
2. your diet/nutrition
3. pathogenic index
4. flora (environment)

• pseudopods
• it's a diverse family because pseudopods may have evolved independently

What is the:

1. locale

2. infectious stage

3. pathogenicity

of the family Endamoebidae?

1. Large Intestine (except for Entamoeba gingivalis---in mouth)
2. Cysts as infectious stage (except for E. gingivalis---no cyst stage)
3. Non-pathogenic (except E. histolytica causes dysentery and abscesses in internal organs)

• only human ciliate parasitic pathogen
• similar to E. histolytica as to causing dysentery (although this is rare)

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

CENTRAL endosome

fine chromatin ring

Entamoeba histolytica cyst

BLUNT chromatoidal bar

1-4 nuclei

Entamoeba coli trophozoite

OFF-CENTER endosome

thick chromatin ring

Entamoeba coli cyst

SPLINT chromatoidal bar

4-8 nuclei

Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite

NO CYST

direct transmission (kissing, sharing utensils)

DARK CLOUD food vacuole

not sure if causes gingivitis

Endolimax nana trophozoite

SMALL "eye" (large endosome like a pupil)

Endolimax nana cyst

small, 1-4 nuclei

Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite

LARGE "eye"

vacuoles

Iodamoeba butschlii cyst

oval shaped, 1 nucleus and endosome

glycogen-filled vacuole (iodinophilous)

Balantidium coli trophozoite

oval, LARGE MACRONUCLEUS

small micronucleus

(also found in pigs)

Balantidium coli cyst

smooth round shape

CYST WALL

Giardia lamblia cyst;

infective stage pathogenic diarrhea

P. malariae trophozoite

BAND