Term
| 3 Types of hosts for internal parasites |
|
Definition
Definitive
Intermediate
Paratenic (transport) |
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Term
|
Definition
Final host (primary host)
Where sexual maturity is completed |
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Term
|
Definition
Secondary host
Required for intermediate development to occur |
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Term
| Paratenic or transport host |
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Definition
| Spreads parasites without development |
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Term
Keywords: Toxocara canis
(roundworm, dogs) |
|
Definition
Ascarid
In-utero transmission
Visceral larval migrans
Resistant Egg |
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Term
| Types of transmission of Toxocara canis |
|
Definition
Direct
Transplacental
Transmammary
Paratenic |
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Term
Keywords: Toxocara cati
(roundworm, cats) |
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Definition
Uncommon transplacental
Transmammary |
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Term
Keywords: Toxascaris leonina
(dogs & cats) |
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Definition
No transplacental
No transmammary
No visceral larval migrans |
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|
Term
Keywords: Ancystoma canium
(hook worms) |
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Definition
Transmammary
Larval infectivity
Cutaneous larval migrans |
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Term
Keywords: Trichuris
(whip worms) |
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Definition
3 month prepatent period
Resistant egg
Not in cats |
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|
Term
Keywords: Capillaria aerophilia
(lung worm) |
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Definition
Trachea
Asymptomatic
Treatment? |
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|
Term
Keywords: Capillaria hepatica
(rodent liver worm) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Keywords: Capillaria plica
(bladder worm) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Key words: Cestodes
(tape worms) |
|
Definition
Scolex
Proglottid
Intermediate Host |
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|
Term
Keywords: Diplidium caninium
(common tape worm) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Keywords: Taenia pisiformis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Keywords: Trematodes
(flukes) |
|
Definition
2 intermediate hosts
Large eggs
Operculum |
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|
Term
Keywords: Paragonimus:
(lung fluke- dog) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Keywords: Hemonchrus contortis
(barberpole worm) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arrested development
Winter
Environmental factors |
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|
Term
Keywords: Monezia spp.
(tape worm, ruminants) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Keywords: Fasciola hepatica
(liver fluke, cattle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Keywords: Parascaris equorum
(roundworm, horse) |
|
Definition
Foals
Resistant egg
Environment |
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|
Term
Keywords: Strongylus spp.
(horses) |
|
Definition
Large strongyles (4 spp.)
Small strongyles (50 spp.)
High Pathogenicity |
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|
Term
Keywords: Oxyuris equi
(pinworms, horses) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Keywords: Dirofilaria
(heartworm) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 2 classes of arthropods are of major veterinary importance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Simple or incomplete metamorphosis |
|
Definition
Forms that hatch from the egg resemble adults but are not sexually mature.
Pass through multiple growth/feeding stages until they mature |
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|
Term
| Complex or complete metamorphosis |
|
Definition
Form that hatches from egg is completely different from the adult
Grow and feed, then pupate |
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|
Term
| 3 segments of the insect body |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What forms the insect exoskeleton? |
|
Definition
| Hard chitinous plates connected by flexible membranes |
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Term
| What does the insect thorax usually have attached to it? |
|
Definition
2 pairs of wings
3 pairs of jointed legs |
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|
Term
| How many pairs of legs does an adult Arachnid have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of legs does an Arachnid nymph have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of legs does an Arachnid larvae have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the arachnid capitulum or gnathostoma? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In arachnids the head, thorax and abdomen are fused to form what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both are order Acarina, ticks are larger, mites are smaller |
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Term
|
Definition
long life cycle
short time on host
environmental control |
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|
Term
| What is the most common flea found on cats and dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laterally compressed, wingless |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Can range from 3 weeks to several hundred days
Most time spent off host |
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|
Term
| Clinical signs of fleas in dogs |
|
Definition
Pruritis
Flea Allergy Dermatits: tail base, ventral abdomen, medial thigh |
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|
Term
| Clinical signs of fleas in cats |
|
Definition
Feline Miliary Dermatitis
Lower back, head, spine
Psychogenic manifestations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Topicals, collars, environmental control |
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Term
| Fleas are intermediate hosts for what? |
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Definition
| Tapeworms (Dipylidium caninum & Dipetalonema reconditum) |
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|
Term
| Stick tight flea of poultry |
|
Definition
| Echidnophaga gallinacea. May burrow into skin of farm dogs & cats |
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|
Term
| Plague (Yersinia pestis) is spread by... |
|
Definition
| Rat fleas, Xenopsylla cherops |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Small size, 2 suborders, entire life cycle on host, host specific, Pediculosis |
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|
Term
| 2 types (suborders) of lice |
|
Definition
Sucking lice (Anoplura)
Biting lice (Mallophaga) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Small but macroscopic
Nits= eggs on hair shaft |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Entirely on host
Short
Highly host specific |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Most flea products are effective
Fomite transmission (brushes!)
No treatment for nits |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Biting & Nonbiting
Myiasis
Fly Worry |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Annoyance from wounds of biting flies or presence of non-biting flies |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Fly strike
fly larvae feeding on host tissue
Result of flies laying eggs in wounds |
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|
Term
| What types of flies lay eggs in wounds or areas soaked with urine/feces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment/Management of flies |
|
Definition
Clean area/clip hair
Antiseptic cleaning
Fly Repellants
NO INSECTICIDES IN WOUNDS! |
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|
Term
| Other names for Cuterebra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bot fly larvae are parasites of what animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are bot fly larvae found? |
|
Definition
| Large, subcutaneous cysts usually on the head/neck |
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|
Term
| Why must you carefully remove bot fly larva? |
|
Definition
| Breaking it may produce an anaphylactic reaction |
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Term
| How can you tell the wound is of a bot fly larvae? |
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Definition
| Small nodule with breathing hole in the middle |
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Term
| Significance of # of hosts of ticks |
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Definition
| Increasing difficulty of control w/ increased # of hosts |
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|
Term
| How many offspring can a female tick produce? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are ticks attracted to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head, neck, ears, caudal abdomen, toes |
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|
Term
| Rhiphicephilus sanguineus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Brown Dog Tick |
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Definition
| 3 host tick, but can utilize dogs for all stages of the life cycle |
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|
Term
| Brown Dog Tick is the vector for... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of American dog tick |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| American dog tick is a vector for... |
|
Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
(Rickettsia) |
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|
Term
| What parasite causes tick paralysis? (lower motor neuron disorder) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deer tick is a vector for.. |
|
Definition
| Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) |
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|
Term
| What type of bacteria is the agent of lyme disease & what animal harbors it? |
|
Definition
| Spirochete. White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) |
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|
Term
| Epidemiology of lyme disease |
|
Definition
| Deer tick larvae asquire infection by feeding on mice, nymphs transmit to small mammals (like dogs) Adults transmit to humans & livestock. |
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Term
|
Definition
Small arachnid
Entire life cycle on host
Burrowing & Nonburrowing |
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|
Term
| General biology of Sarcoptes scabiei |
|
Definition
Burrowing mite, female lays eggs in tunnels
Very contagious, spread by direct contact |
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Term
| Clinical signs of Sarcoptes |
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Definition
| Intense pruritis, self inflicted trauma, secondary bacterial infections, prefer ears, face, extremities |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Public health importance of Sarcoptes |
|
Definition
zoonotic
not to be confused w/ human scabies |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Cat mite similar to Sarcoptes, not very common but extremely contagious |
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Term
| Clinical signs of Notoedres |
|
Definition
| Highly pruritic, Lesions on pinnae of ears, face, neck. Occasionally on feet & perineum |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Keywords for Demodex canis |
|
Definition
Hair follicles
Transmission from dam
3 types of disease |
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|
Term
| Pathogenesis of demodectic mange |
|
Definition
| Heredity + dam transmission + depressed immunity |
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|
Term
| 3 types of Demodectic mange |
|
Definition
Localized
Generalized
"Old Dog Syndrome" |
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|
Term
| Diagnosis of demodex (& caution) |
|
Definition
| Skin scrape, but is "normal" parasite of skin so large numbers=clinical disease |
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Term
| Keywords for Cheyletiella |
|
Definition
Superficial dandruff
Highly contagious
Dorsal |
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|
Term
| Common term for Cheyletiella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Species infected by Cheyletiella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Cheyletiella |
|
Definition
| Entirely on skin surface, but can live up to 10 days in environment |
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Term
| Diagnosis of Cheyletiella |
|
Definition
Scotch tape
Superficial scraping |
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|
Term
| Treatment for Cheyletiella |
|
Definition
Anti-seborrhea shampoo
2% lime sulfur
Treat all animals in household |
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|
Term
| Keywords for Trombiculid mites |
|
Definition
pruritis
non species specific |
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|
Term
| Common name for Trombiculid mites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General biology of Trombiculid mites |
|
Definition
Only larvae are parasitic
Attach for a few hours, irritation lasts for days |
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|
Term
| Diagnosis of Trombiculid mites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hair clasping mite of cats
Found in Florida & Hawaii
Moth eaten appearance to coat |
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|
Term
| Keywords Otodectes cynotis |
|
Definition
Characteristic discharge
Sequelae |
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|
Term
| Common name for Otodectes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very frequently encountered in dogs & cats
Highly contagious
Entire life cycle in ear canal |
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|
Term
| Clinical signs of Otodectes |
|
Definition
Pruritis
Cerumen accumulation
Head Tilt |
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|
Term
| Sequelae associated with Otodectes |
|
Definition
Aural Hematoma (othaemotoma)
Infection extends to middle/inner ear, can spread to head/neck.
Hypertrophy of ear canal tissue |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Otoscopic examination
Cotton swab |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Treat all animal in household
Miticide |
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|
Term
| Problem w/ venomous insects & how to treat |
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity to vemon from spiders, bees, scorpions etc.
Use antihistamines and steroids |
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Term
| Keywords for helminth parasites of the skin |
|
Definition
Hookworms
Cutaneous larval migrans |
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|
Term
| Dracunculus insignis hosts |
|
Definition
| Raccoons, ferrets, occasionally dogs |
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Term
| Characteristics of Dracunculus skin infection |
|
Definition
Adults in subcutaneous nodules
Release larvae through hole in skin
Presents as non-healing ulcer |
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Term
| Intermediate host of Dracunculus |
|
Definition
| Daphnia (freshwater crustacean) |
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|
Term
| Treatment for Dracunculus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ancylostoma spp. route of infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
On feet or ventrum, may be associated with severe dermatitis
Redness, pain, swelling |
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|
Term
| Treatment for Ancylostoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Public health concern regarding Ancylostoma |
|
Definition
| Cutaneous larval migrans, especially of children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Free living nematode
Lives in damp straw & filth |
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|
Term
| Lesions associated with Pelodera |
|
Definition
| Usually ventral- where skin contacts filthy bedding. Usually small animals but can infect cattle & humans |
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|
Term
| What condition is Pelodera infection often mistaken for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of swimmer's itch |
|
Definition
| Penetration of skin by avian schistosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sandfly vector
Found in animals from tropical climates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epidemic in human populations
Owners may try to blame on pets
Advise owners contact entomology extension |
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|
Term
| Keywords for arthropod parasites of ruminants |
|
Definition
Winter
Close contact
Forequarters & tail base |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Cattle
Animal always seems to have lice
Poor doers |
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|
Term
| Life cycle of ruminant lice |
|
Definition
About 30 days
Entirely on host |
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|
Term
| Predilection sites of ruminant lice |
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Definition
| Vary by species, but in heavy infestation are all over the body |
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|
Term
| What season are ruminant lice most prevalent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tags of wool
Lameness (foot louse) |
|
|
Term
| Complications with lice in ruminants |
|
Definition
Anemia in young animals
Production losses |
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|
Term
| Diagnosis of lice in ruminants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Keywords for house fly (Musca domestica) |
|
Definition
Non-biting
Mechanical vector
Fly worry & production loss |
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|
Term
|
Definition
short
may cause secondary infection of bite wounds |
|
|
Term
| Diseases carried by house fly |
|
Definition
| Typhoid, Cholera, Leprosy, Dysentery |
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|
Term
| Keywords for face fly (Musca autumnalis) |
|
Definition
Adults overwinter in buildings
Production losses/fly worry
Mid-day |
|
|
Term
| Why is face fly control easy? |
|
Definition
| Only lays eggs in bovine feces- use pyrethrum ear tags or larvacide in feces |
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|
Term
| Keywords for horn fly (Haemotobia irritans) |
|
Definition
Biting
Permanent Parasite
Easy control
Fly worry |
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|
Term
| Parasite carried by horn fly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Keywords for horse & deer flies
(Tabanus & Chrysops spp.) |
|
Definition
Vicious biting
Long life cycle
Ponds/irrigation ditches
Fly worry |
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|
Term
| Why is control of horse/deer flies difficult? |
|
Definition
| Usually feed/live on plants near water & only feed on blood so female can produce eggs |
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|
Term
| Keywords for Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) |
|
Definition
Biting
Difficult control
Economic losses
Daytime biters |
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|
Term
| Why is control of stable flies difficult? |
|
Definition
| Only visit animal infrequently |
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|
Term
| Common name for Culex & Aedes spp. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Significance of mosquito infestation |
|
Definition
Can cause anemia & death in young animals
Biting fly
Vector for heartworm & viral encephalitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is control of black flies difficult? |
|
Definition
Lay eggs near fast moving water
Daytime biters that attack anything
Travel long distances |
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|
Term
| Common names of Culicoides spp. |
|
Definition
| Black gnat, no-see-ums, midge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lay eggs in still water
active in evening
will enter barns |
|
|
Term
| What disease does Culicoides transmit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Keywords for keds (Melophagus) |
|
Definition
Wingless biting fly
+/- permanent parasite
Fly worry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Entirely on sheep, give birth to fully formed larvae |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis & control of keds |
|
Definition
Tags on wool
Easy= shear & discard wool, spray/dip |
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|
Term
| Parasites that cause external myiasis in ruminants |
|
Definition
| Flesh flies, blow flies, Screw worm flies |
|
|
Term
| Significance of screw worm fly |
|
Definition
Reportable disease
Larvae feed on living tissue
Controlled through sterile male program |
|
|
Term
| Parasite that cause internal myiasis of ruminants |
|
Definition
| Larvae of Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damalina equi & Haematopinus asini |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of lice in horses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of lice in horses |
|
Definition
| Physical presence of lice/nits |
|
|
Term
| Hypersensitivity to Culicoides causes what in horses? |
|
Definition
| Queensland itch, sweet itch, muck itch, summer eczema |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of Culicoides in horses |
|
Definition
Dorsal lesions, rump, mane & tail.
Pruritis & self inflicted trauma |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Culicoides in horses |
|
Definition
Season (summer)
Clinical signs |
|
|
Term
| Treatment/control of Culicoides in horses |
|
Definition
Keep horses inside at night
Fly sprays |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of Haematobia (horn fly) in horses |
|
Definition
ventral midline dermatitis
Lesions in umbilical area
Summer |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Haematobia in horses |
|
Definition
clip/clean area
fly repellant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
uncommon
lesion dorsal (near withers)
Breathing hole present |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Hypoderma in horses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Onchocerca spread in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do Onchocerca microfilaria migrate to on horses? |
|
Definition
| Ventral midline, head & neck |
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|
