Term
| What's the scientific name for pin worm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the scientific name for whip worm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the scientific name for a large roundworm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the scientific name for hookworm? |
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Definition
| necator americanus or ancylostoma duodenale |
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Term
| How many eggs does the female pinworm lay and where does she lay them? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enterobius vermicularis causes what diseases in the female genital tract? |
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Definition
| vaginitis, granulomatous endometritis or salpingitis |
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Term
| What is the treatment for enterobius vermicularis? |
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Definition
| pyrantel pamoate, mebendazole, and albendazole |
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Term
| How do you prevent enterobius vermiculars infection? |
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Definition
| trim fingernails short, wash hands thoroughly, eggs are sensitive to sunligh, open curtains in daylight |
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Term
| T/F In the case of Enterobius vermicularis infection you treat all family members simultaneously |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the female trichuris trichura lay eggs? |
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Definition
| 3,000 to 10,000 in the feces daily |
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Term
| How big are adult whipworms? |
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Definition
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Term
| How big are adult female pinworms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of moderate infection of trichuris trichura? |
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Definition
| damage to intestinal mucosa, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, stunted growth |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of heavy infection with trichuris trichura? |
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Definition
significant mucosal damage, blood loss/anemia and colonic or rectal prolapse
**colonic ulceration may allow bacteria to enter bloodstream which is fatal |
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Term
| How do you diagnose trichurs trichura? |
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Definition
| microscopic identification in stool. Eggs easily visible in symptomatic cases. Also look for eosinophilia. |
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Term
| How do you treat trichuris trichura? |
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Definition
| mebendazole and albendazole |
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Term
| How big are adult ascaris lumbricoides? |
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Definition
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Term
| How big are adult ascaris lumbricoides? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the size and shape of ascaris lumbricoides eggs? |
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Definition
| elliptical (35 x 55 um) with rough coat |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of heavy ascaris lumbricoides infection? |
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Definition
| fever, wheezing, SOB, abdominal pain, malabsorption of food, intestinal obstruction (due to worm bolus) |
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Term
| Ascaris lumbricoides can migrate to what sites in the body other than intestine? |
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Definition
| appendix, bile duct, or pancreatic duct |
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Term
| What is a sign of ascaris lumbricoides in poorly nourished children? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Infection with ascaris lumbricoides can result in deaht from respiratory failure. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which worm will attempt to exit the body when the patient has a high fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOw do you diagnose ascaris lumbricoides? |
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Definition
| identification of eggs in feces and finding larvae and eosinophils in sputum |
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Term
| How many people in the US are infected with enterobius vermicularis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mebendazole is used for what infections? |
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Definition
| pin, whip, round, tape and hook |
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Term
| Albendazole is used for what infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adult trichuris trichiura live in the _____. |
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Definition
| cecum (larvae hatch in the small intestine) |
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Term
| What do you use for treatment of ascaris lumbricoides? |
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Definition
mebendazole and albendazole are preferred if pt also has trichuris trichiura
also, pyrantel pamoate |
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Term
| What do the adult necator americanus look like? |
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Definition
| 10mm pinkish-white, hook shaped, 2-14 year lifespan |
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Term
| What does necator americanus feed on? |
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Definition
| worms attach to mucosa of small bowel to suck blood |
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Term
| How many eggs does the necator americanus female release daily? |
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Definition
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Term
| How big are necator americanus eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of necator americanus? |
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Definition
| mostly asymptomatic. "ground itch" on soles of feet for several days, gastric pain, blood loss, eosinophilia in gut and periphery. Pulmonary manifestations similar to ascaris infection; less freqent, less severe |
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Term
| Hypoalbuminemia is comon when you are infected with which helminth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Severe anemia caused by necator americanus can cause _______ in children. |
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Definition
| heart failure; also may retard physical/mental/sexual development |
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Term
| Where in the body is the adult necator americanus located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do ancylostoma duodenale eggs hatch? |
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Definition
| eggs hatch and larvae grow in teh feces/soil |
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Term
| What stage of ancylostoma duodenale is infected? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Ancylostoma infect? |
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Definition
| larvae penetrate skin, carried through blood vessels to heart, then to lungs, coughed up a swallowed. Then mature to adults in small intestine |
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Term
| How do you diagnose ancylostoma duodenale? |
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Definition
| examine stool for worm eggs (may be need to be concentrated) Egg count indicates worm burden and if stool stands for too long eggs may hatch into larvae |
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Term
| The eggs of which two helminths are indistinguishable? |
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Definition
| N. americanus and A. duodenale |
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Term
| How do you treat necator americanus? |
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Definition
| mebendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel pamoate |
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Term
| How do you prevent being infected with necator americanus? |
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Definition
| wearing shoes, practicing good sanitation |
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Term
| How big are adult strongyloides stercoralis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does strongyloides stercoralis infect its host? |
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Definition
| infective filariform larvae penetrates intact skin initiating infection-->circulatory system--> lungs --> coughed up--> swallowed |
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Term
| How does necator americanus infect host? |
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Definition
| larvae penetrate skin, enter bloodstream, reach heart, lung capillaries, alveolar spaces, are coughed up then swallowed, mature in small intestine |
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Term
| Which worms are coughed up only to be swallowed? |
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Definition
| ascarius lumbricoides, strongyloides stercoralis, ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus |
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Term
| Where does strongyloides stercoralis lay its eggs? |
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Definition
| gravid female penetrates the mucosa of the duodenum to deposit eggs |
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Term
| What are the two cycles by which strongyloides stercoralis can infect host? |
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Definition
| direct cycle (similar to hookworm) and autoinfective cycle: larvae invade internal mucosa (internal) or peri-anal skin (external) |
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Term
| What are the GI symptoms of strongyloides stercoralis? |
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Definition
| GI- usually asymptomatic, heavy load causes epigastric pain/tenderness made worse by food intake also peptic ulcer-like pain with peripheral eosinophilia. Also, vomiting, diarrhea, malabosprtion may be seen with heavy mucosal damage |
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Term
| What are the pulmonary symptoms of strongyloides stercoralis |
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Definition
| fever/coughing/wheezing/burning in chest/shortness of breath (similar to ascariasis) |
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Term
| What disease has the halmark of peptic ulcer like pain with eosinophilia? |
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Definition
| strongyloides stercoralis |
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Term
| What helminth causes raised red serpinginous (creeping) lesions over buttockes/lower back and why? |
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Definition
| strongyloides stercoralis due to external autoinfection arising from larval invasion of peri-anal area |
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Term
| How do you diagnose strongyloides stercoralis? |
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Definition
indentify larvae in fresh stool.
if absent from stool, look in duodenal aspirates, jejunal biopsies
Also, can identify larvae in sputum/may culture on agar plates
ELISAs |
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Term
| What is the larva currens? |
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Definition
| a red line on skin that moves (~5cm/day) then disappears when you become infected with strongyloides stercoralis |
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Term
| What is the treatment for strongyloides stercoralis? |
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Definition
| ivermectin and thiabendazole |
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Term
| How do you prevent strongyloides stercoralis infection? |
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Definition
| good sanitation, avoid fecal contamination of water/soil/food |
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Term
| What type of drug is ivermectin? |
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Definition
| broad spectrum anti-parasitic |
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