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PANCE
Maternal responses to pregnancy
13
Medical
Graduate
01/27/2008

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Term
Placenta
Definition
secretion of estrogen, progesterone, gonadotropin, inhibin, placental lactogen and other
hormones
Term
Anterior Pituitar
Definition
increased secretion of prolactin and ACTH, secretes very little FSH and LH
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Definition
increased secretion of aldosterone and cortisol
Term
Posterior pituitary
Definition
increased secretion of vasopressin
Term
Parathyroids
Definition
increased secretion of parathyroid hormone to increase Ca in the blood. Binds to osteoblasts to form new osteoclasts which ultimately enhances the resorption of bone. In kidney, enhances active reabsorption of calcium from distal tubules and the thick ascending limb. Also enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestine by increasing the production of activated vitamin D.
Term
Kidneys
Definition
increased secretion of renin, erythropoietin, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitam D3
Term
Breasts
Definition
enlarge and develop mature grandular structure. cause: Estrogen, progesterone,
prolactin, and placental lactogen
Term
Blood Volume
Definition
increases cause: total erythrocyte volume is increased by erythropoietin and
plasma volume by salt and water retention
Term
Calcium balance
Definition
Positive. Cause: increased parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3
Term
Body weight
Definition
increases by an average of 12.5 kg, 60 percent of which is water
Term
Circulation
Definition
Cardiac output increases, total peripheral resistance decreases (vasodilation in
uterus, skin, breasts, GI tract, and kidneys), mean arterial pressure stays constant
Term
Respiration
Definition
hyperventilation (arterial PCO2 decreases)
Term
Organic metabolism
Definition
Metabolic rate increases. Plasma glucose, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid
mobilization all increase. Cause: hyporesponsiveness to insulin due to insulin antagonism by
placental lactogen and cortisol.
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