Term
| What are the inhaled general anesthetics? |
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Definition
| -ane and Nitrous Oxide. (Enflurane, halothane, isoflurane) |
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Term
| What are the injectable general anesthetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do general anesthetics work? |
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Definition
| Depress the CNS and creating loss of consciousness/no response to pain. |
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Term
| What are nursing considerations for general anesthetics? |
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Definition
Patient NPO for 8 hours.
Check for cardio pulmonary despression and hypotension
Check for urinary retention
Monitor body temp (may increase)
Have the patient avoid other cns depressants for 24 hours after |
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Term
| What more do you need to look for when a patient receives the inhaled anesthetic Halothane? |
|
Definition
Signs of hepatic fatal side effects.
Rash, jaundice, altered liver funciton, fever, nausea, vomiting. |
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Term
| What are the local/topical anesthetics? |
|
Definition
-caine.
(Bupivacaine, lidocaine, tetracaine, procaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, benzocaine, butacaine, dibucaine, lignocaine.) |
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Term
| How do local and topical anesthetics work? |
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Definition
| Blocks transmission of impulses across the nerve cell membrane |
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Term
| What is the adverse effect of local and topical anesthetics? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are nursing considerations for Lignocaine and prilocaine? |
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Definition
| Should be applied topically an hour before proceedure |
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Term
| What are nursing considerations for all topical anesthetics? |
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Definition
| Administer cautiosly to large areas of broken skin. |
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Term
| What is the nursing consideration for pregnant clients using local and topical anesthetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Narcotic anelgesics? |
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Definition
-ine
Codeine, meperidine, morphine, nalbuphine
Also Butorphanol. |
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Term
| What are the 5 non-narcotic anelesics? |
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Definition
| NSAIDS - Aspirin, mefenamic acid, ketorolac, parecetamol, acetaminophen. |
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Term
| How do narcotic analgesics work? |
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Definition
| Pain reception is altered by the opioid blocking cns receptors. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits the prostaglandin pathway. |
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Term
| What happens when NSAIDS inhibit the prostanglandin pathway? |
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Definition
| They halt the ability of prostaglandins to cause inflammation, but also inhibit blood clotting and can damage the lining of the gut. |
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Term
| What is the antidote for narcotic overdose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you monitor for patients taking aspirin? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What do you need to monitor for people taking acetaminophen? |
|
Definition
| Liver function and bleeding complications |
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Term
| What should you discuss with patients taking opioids? |
|
Definition
Respiratory depression, hypotension
Possibility of dependency and no sharp withdrawl. |
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Term
| Why can aspirin cause hearing loss? |
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Definition
| It is a drug that is known to be ototoxic. Hearing is usually recovered after treatment ends. |
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Term
| What are the sympathomimetic bronchodilators? |
|
Definition
-rol, -mol, nol and Terbutaline.
Albuterol, salbutamol, isoproterenol, salmeterol. |
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|
Term
| What are the Xanthine bronchodilators? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How do sympathomimetic bronchodilators work? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How do xanthine bronchodilators work? |
|
Definition
| Stimulate the CNS for respiration |
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Term
| When do you use bronchodilators? |
|
Definition
| Bronchospasms, asthma, bronchitis, COPD |
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Term
| What are the adverse affects of bronchodilators? |
|
Definition
| Palpitations and tachycardia, restlessness, nervousness, tremors, anorexia. |
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Term
| When should you avoid using bronchodilators? |
|
Definition
| Hyperthyroidism, cardiac dysrhythmia, uncontrolled seizuers. Should not be used with hypertension or narrow-angle glaucoma. |
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Term
| What are the glucocorticoid respiratory medications? |
|
Definition
-sone (And budesonide)
Dexamethasone, fluticasone, prednisone, beclomethasone. |
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Term
| How do glucocorticoid respiratory medications work? |
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Definition
| They are anti-inflammatory and reduce pulmonary and airway edema. |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
Neutropenia (low levels of neutrophils)
Osteoporosis
Cushing's syndrome (High levels of cortisol in the body, body swells) |
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|
Term
| What should people who take glucocorticoids take into consideration to stay healthy? |
|
Definition
| Take with food. Increase potassium, lower sodium. Avoid sick people. |
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Term
| What pain medication should be avoided when taking glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| When taking a patient off of glucocorticoids, what should you do? |
|
Definition
| Taper slowly to prevent adrenal insufficiency. |
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Term
| What is the process to takeinhaled bronchodilators and inhaled steroids? |
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Definition
| Take the bronchodilator first, then then rinse mouth, then take inhaled steroids. |
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Term
| What is the Mast Cell Stabilizer respiratory medication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Cromolyn Sodium (Intal) work? |
|
Definition
| Stabilizes mast cells to trigger less histamine. |
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Term
| How do you use Cromolyn Sodium (Intal)? |
|
Definition
Take before asthma attacks, 30 minutes before meals.
Drink water to reduce unpleasant taste |
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|
Term
| What dietary change might occur with patients taking the respiratory medication Cromolyn Sodium (Intal)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the anti-histamine respiratory medications? |
|
Definition
-amine,
Brompheniramine (Dimetapp), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), celestamine (Tavist)
Astemizole (Hismanal), Loratidine (claritan), Cetirizine (Iterax) |
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|
Term
| How do Anti-histamine respiratory medications work? |
|
Definition
| Decrease nasopharyngeal secretions and decrease nasal itching by blocking the histamine H-1 receptor. |
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|
Term
| When do you use anti-histamines? |
|
Definition
| Colds, rinitis, nausea and vomiting, utricaria, allergies and sleep aids. |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations of anti-histamines? |
|
Definition
Give via IM using Z-track or give orally
Give with food and drink
Take precautions when driving
May develop a dry mouth |
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Term
| What are the first line anti-tuberculosis medications? (PIRES) |
|
Definition
| Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, streptomycin. |
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Term
| What are the second line anti-tuberculosis medications? (PECK) |
|
Definition
| Para-aminosalicyclic acid, Ethonamide, Cycloserine, Kanamycin |
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|
Term
| How long do you administer treatments for tuberculosis that are not multi-drug resistant? |
|
Definition
| 6-9 months with drug combinations |
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|
Term
| How long do you administer treatments for multidrug-resistant strains? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are considerations for taking the anti-tuberculosis drug Pyrazinamide? |
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Definition
| It's taken for 2 months and can increase uric acid. Can cause photosensitivity. |
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Term
| What are considerations for patients taking the anti-tuberculosis drug Isoniazid? |
|
Definition
Food will delay absorption.
Give 1 hour before antacids
Can cause hepa and neurotoxicity
Avoid alcohol
Give B6 to counteract neurotoxicicity |
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Term
| What are considerations for patients taking the anti-tuberculosis drug Rifampicin? |
|
Definition
Food slows absorption
Avoid taking antacids
Hepatoxic
Body fluids will turn red-orange. |
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Term
| What are considerations for patients taking the anti-tuberculosis drug Ethambutol? |
|
Definition
Do not give to anyone under 3
May cause optic neuritis
Contact physician if visual issues occur |
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Term
| What are considerations for patients taking the anti-tuberculosis drug Streptomycin? |
|
Definition
It's an IM antibiotic
Nephro and ototoxic (kidney and ears)
Impairs the 8th cranial nerve, monitor ears. |
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