Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| receptors not achetcholinesterase |
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Term
|
Definition
| Post ganglionic sympathetic site (M receptors) |
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Term
| Muscarinic or Nicotinic Receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscarinic (cholinometics) |
|
Definition
Glaucoma (ciliary muscles
Urinary retention
Xenostomia (dry mouth bc lack of salivation, parasymapthetic) |
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Term
|
Definition
Parasymapthetic. Lack of saliva.
Stimulates the M1 receptors to make more saliva. |
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Term
| Nicotinic (cholinometics) |
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Definition
| Stop Smoking. Peripheral not central effect. |
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Term
| Pilocaprine (isopoto-Carpine) |
|
Definition
| N and M receptors. Used for Glaucoma. |
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Term
|
Definition
M receptors. Urinary retention.
M-1 --> dutrusser to contract
M-2 --> spincter to relax.
*Allows you to urinate. |
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Term
|
Definition
N stimulator. Bisphasic nature.
Low dosage it stimulates N-1, High dosages it inhibits N-1. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
non-depolarizing blocker.
N-2 blocker. |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscular relaxation, used during surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| it can inhibit N-1 at high dosages, and activate N-1 at low dosages. |
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Term
|
Definition
medication: opens and dries airways
Inhibits secretion in the GI track and respiratory track.
M-Blocker
Block M-1 or M-3, blocking the parasympathetic response. |
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Term
|
Definition
Eye drops w/ muscarinic blocker. Allows light on eye without pupil constriction.
M-1 blocker (circular muscle) |
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Term
|
Definition
Block muscarinic receptor (b/c they make the detrussor muscle contract and sphincter relax). More stable bladder.
If you block the M receptor this causes you NOT to urinate. |
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Term
|
Definition
central effect in the brain.
M-Blocker |
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Term
|
Definition
Too much GI activity. Slows down perisalsis.
Blocks M receptors on gut to slow down motility.
Blocks M-1 and M-3. |
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Term
|
Definition
asthma (bronchi contract which is parasymapthetic). This inhibits the contraction.
Blocks M-1 or M-3.
*Asthma medications could block M-1 and M-2 or also stimulate Beta-2. |
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Term
|
Definition
Naturally occurring in plants. Pupils dilate. Controls the radial muscle of the eye (contracts).
Blocks the constriction of the pupil so the pupil dilates.
Blocks M-1. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
used of irritable bowel syndrome. Decrease GI motility.
Blocks M-1 and M-3 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
bladder instability.
Blocks M-1 (contracts the detrsusser) and M-2 (relax sphincter). |
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|
Term
|
Definition
commonly used in eye exam.
Blocks M-1 or M-3. Eyes dilate. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Not a receptor blocker. Anticholinergic - ACH can still bind, but interferes with the message. Treats asthma.
Shuts down secondary messenger system. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Prolong the life of ACH (same uses as cholinomimetics) |
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Term
|
Definition
| autoimmune. Attacks N-2 receptors on skeletal muscle. ACH cannot bind. Leaves ACH longer in the synapse. ACH is able to continually to stimulate. |
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|
Term
| Urinary retention (postoperative) |
|
Definition
people who are post surgical. Gets bladder going after anaesthesia.
Anticholinesterases. |
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Term
|
Definition
| used as an anticholinesterase. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
organophosphate are anticholinesterases.
Appropriate treatment for these would be atropin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prolonged parasymapthetic response.
Bronchi --> constrict
muscous --> increase
GI --> increase
*vomit and suffocate
**Anticholinesterases |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not a drug, it is an inseciticide.
Anticholinesterases |
|
|
Term
| Organophashate (inseciticide) |
|
Definition
PARATHION
DIEAZNION
MALATHION
*All are Anticholinesterases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ingredient in war gases
Anticholinesterases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks adrenergic neurotransmitter synthesis (tyrosine hydroxylase). Inhibits nor-epipnephrine synthesis (inhibits sympathetic stimulation.
Anti-Hypertensive |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Makes a false neurotransmitter.
Methyldopa instead of DOPA in making neurotrasmitter. You do NOT make norepinpherine you make alpha methyl-norepinpherine.
Does not excite receptor. |
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|
Term
| Alpha methyl-norepipnephrine |
|
Definition
| Does NOT activate post ganglionic structure, but it will bind to Alpha-2 receptor. This will shut off adrengeric neurons. Anti-Hypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blocks release of Neurotransmitter during action potential.
Anti-Hypertensive |
|
|
Term
Amphetamines
Give two examples as well. |
|
Definition
displacement of neurotrasmitters, even during action potential.
Ie. DEXADRINE & EPHEDRINE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A type of Amphetamines.
Used for weight control, also helps with narcolepsy (helps people stay awake). |
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Term
|
Definition
A type of Amphetamines.
Anti-Hypertensive
Spinal anesthesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Originally a anti-hypertensive.
Inhibits nor-epipnerprine into storage granules.
More venerable to MAO. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
effect on smooth muscle and arterioles is effected.
Treats shock. (ie. cardiovascular shock).
Anti-hypertensive
nasal decongestants (not directly)
Adjust local Anestheia (Lipocane, keeps it there longer) |
|
|
Term
| Phenylephrine (NEOSYNEPHRINE) |
|
Definition
Alpha-1 Agonist.
Nasal spray. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-hypertensive (central)
Alpha-2 inhibitory response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha-2 Agonist
Anti-hypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 and alpha 2 agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta 1 agonist --> treatment for heart
Beta 2 agonist --> treatment for asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase Cardiac Output, increase force of contraction.
Good for people with cardiac-arrest and cardiogentic shock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beta 2 cause them to dilate and dry out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Delay Labor for premature babies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta 1 and Beta 2 agonist.
Treats shock and affects the bronchi (dilate and dry) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta 1 agonist
Treats cardiac failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta 2 agonist
Used for asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta 2 agonist
Delay Labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used in arterioles (vasodilation).
Generalized: Anti-hypertensive, pheochromocytoma, benign prostate hyperplasia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adrenyal medulla has benign tumors that cause a production of too much epipneprine and nore epipnepherine. This gives them hypertension (high BP).
Alpha blockers help with this |
|
|
Term
| Benign Prostate Hyperplasia |
|
Definition
older men get a bigger prostate (located by the urethra at the bladder). Difficult to urinate.
Alpha blockers help with this. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 antagonist (pheochromocytoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 antagonist. Anti-hypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 antagonist. Anti-hypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 antagonist. Anti-hypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha 1 Antagonist
Treats Beta prostate hyperplasia |
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|
Term
| Beta Blockers (Antognist) |
|
Definition
Anti-hypertensive
Inhibits Beta 1 Angina on heart (slows down HR, doesn't a lot of oxygen)
Dysrthythmias
Migraine
Glaucoma (block Beta 2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta 1 and beat 2 blockers
Anti-hypertensive (generalized) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta 1 and Beta 2 blocker
Treats Glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Problems with Beta Blockers |
|
Definition
| Patient has hypertension and asthma. You want to use a beta blocker. If you give INDERAL for example, would this be a problem? Yes! This is a Anti-hypertensive but it makes asthma worse. |
|
|
Term
LOPRESSOR
TENORMIN
TOPROL-XL |
|
Definition
Beta 1 blockers
Anti-hypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha and Beta Blocker (combination)
Alpha 1, Beta 1 and Beta 2 Blocker.
Alpha 1 --> Vasculatur dilates
Beta Blockers --> works on the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two sets of muscle. Circular muscle that surrounds the iris. When it contracts, so does the pupil. The second muscle connects at the margins and pulls back on iris, causing dilation. Both Excitatory. |
|
|
Term
Eye (Pupil)
Sympathetic
Receptor? |
|
Definition
Alpha-1
Dilate (radial muscle) |
|
|
Term
Eye (pupil)
Parasympathetic
Receptor? |
|
Definition
M-1
Pupil constricts (circular muscle)
If inhibited, it will cause the pupil to dilate |
|
|
Term
Eye (accommodation of Lens)
Muscles? |
|
Definition
Ciliary Muscle.
Flat --> able to see far
Bulge --> able to see close |
|
|
Term
Eye (accommodation of Lens)
Parasymapthetic |
|
Definition
Causes the lens to curve
M-1 receptors |
|
|
Term
Eye (accommodation of Lens)
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
Relax the lens (flat)
Beta -2 receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lens doesn't bend anymore.
Nothing wrong with ciliary muscle.
Can't see close objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
need to curve lens in order to drain aqueous humor.
Need to stimulate ciliary muscle
Stimulate M-1 or inhibit Beta-2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First 4 thoracic nerves
Increase HR
Increase force of contraction
Beta-1 receptors
*Overall, increase cardiac output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decrease HR (by the left vagus, which innervates the AV node and atrial musculature)
M-2 receptor
Does not effect force too much |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Between the capillaries and major blood vessels
Regulare blood flow
ONLY Sympathetic innervation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha-1 > Beta-2 (mostly)
Alpha-1 --> smooth muscle contract (vasoconstriction)
Beta-2 --> smooth muscle relax (vasodilation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arterioles supplying skeletal muscle and the heart.
More Beta-2 than alpha-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Constriction blood vessels (not all of them)
*Does not include the exceptions |
|
|
Term
Arterioles
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contain M-2 receptors that cause vasodilation.
Is not innervated by parasympathetic stimulation, turned on pharmologically |
|
|
Term
Arterioles
Parasympathetic (exception) |
|
Definition
Erectile tissue
Vasodilation
M-3 innervation
Causes a release of NO. |
|
|
Term
Arterioles
Exception (skeletal muscle) |
|
Definition
Long preganglionic sympathetic fiber that innervates M-2 receptors directly.
Vasodilation (Only works pharmologically) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bronchi Dilate, glads stop secreting mucus
Beta-2 receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bronchi constrict, glands secrete mucus
M1 and M3 receptors |
|
|
Term
Lung
Parasympathetic (uses) |
|
Definition
War Gases
Asthma medication
Stimulate B-2 and inhibit M1 and M3 |
|
|
Term
| Lacrimal and Nasopharyngeal |
|
Definition
Lacrimal --> Tears
Nasopharyngeal --> make mucus |
|
|
Term
Lacrimal and Nasopharyngeal
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lacrimal and Nasopharyngeal
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
M-1 receptors (tear and mucus secreting)
Alpha-1 inhibit these by constricting nasopharyngeal glands |
|
|
Term
| Neosynephrine (Pseudoephedrine) |
|
Definition
Alpha-1 Stimulator
Cold remedy
Alpha-1 causes vasoconstriction, which reduces blood to nasopharyngeal glands and mucus secretion. |
|
|
Term
Urinary Bladder
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
Inhibits urination
Detrussor muscle relax and sphincter contract |
|
|
Term
Urinary Bladder
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
Favors Urination
Detrussor muscle contract (M1) and sphincter relax (M2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M Stimulator
For people who have trouble urinating
Public urination --> sympathetic stronger |
|
|
Term
Pancreas
Exocrine
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
| inhibits secretion of digestive enzyme |
|
|
Term
Pancreas
Exocrine
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
| stimulates secretion of digestive enzyme |
|
|
Term
Pancreas
Endocrine
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pancreas
Endocrine
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
| Simulates insulin secretion |
|
|
Term
Gastrointestinal Tract
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
increase motility
cause sphincters to relax
increase secretion
M1 or M3 receptors |
|
|
Term
Gastrointestinal Tract
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
inhibit motility
sphincter to contract
inhibits secretion |
|
|
Term
Salivary Gland
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
Copios secretion
M1 and M3 |
|
|
Term
Salivary Gland
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
thick secretion (minimal)
High in digestive enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cause hair to stand up (dogs)
Humans --> goose bumps or "horripilate" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Causes the hair to stand up
Helps with thermal regulation
M1 or M3 |
|
|
Term
Piloerector
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Eccrine Sweat Glands
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
M1 receptors
allows secretion of sweat
Still sympahtetic even though they arise from T1-L3
Short pre and long post ganglionic fiber |
|
|
Term
Eccrine Sweat Glands
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Eccrine Sweat Glands
Location |
|
Definition
soles of feet and hands
Adrenergic receptors
Used for Thermoregulation |
|
|
Term
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Location |
|
Definition
Under arms, pigmented region of the breast, and in pubic region
Active during puberty
Not used for thermoregulation |
|
|
Term
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
these are from the underarm
Alpha-1 |
|
|
Term
Apocrine Sweat Gland
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B-1 receptors
makes more renin
Renin increase BP (vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sympathetic stimulation of B receptors
increase lipolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rapid HR
Normal rhythm
Caused by a weaken heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slow HR
Caused: carotid atherosclerosis which stimulate baroreceptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
too many P
All QRS have P, but not all P have QRS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
atrioventricle block comes and goes
Ventricle has to catch up
Can cause fainting |
|
|
Term
| Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome |
|
Definition
short circuit around the AV node and bundle
Ventricle contract prematurely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depolarize a part that was just polarized
caused by enlarged heart, damage to the conduction system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mutilate circus movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fill passively
not controlled by SA node
Use paddles to pick up rhythms of SA node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ventricles fill 70% w/o atria
blood doesn't leave atria and may cause clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
other areas in the heart become more depolarized than the SA node.
Numerous depolarizations prematurely. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
premature atrial contraction
Caused by ectopic foci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
premature ventricular contractions
Ectopic Foci
caused by stress, coffee, and lack of sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
donates NO, causes vasodilation
Decreased preload and afterload
Decrease work on heart
Orally but not swallowed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
donates NO, causes vasodilation
Decreased preload and afterload
Decrease work on heart
Patch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker
relieves angina
decrease HR, decrease force on contraction, lessens the amount of 02 needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker
relieves angina
decrease HR, decrease force on contraction, lessens the amount of 02 needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker
relieves angina
decrease HR, decrease force on contraction, lessens the amount of 02 needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker
relieves angina
decrease HR, decrease force on contraction, lessens the amount of 02 needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kidney reabsorbs water back into the blood.
increase osmolarity of blood and angiotensin II |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
inhibits angiotensin II
Inhibits vasocontrcition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
inhibits angiotensin II
Inhibits vasocontrcition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
inhibits angiotensin II
Inhibits vasocontrcition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angiotensin II receptor blocker
Inhibits vasocontrcition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angiotensin II receptor blocker
Inhibits vasocontrcition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase pressure, by pulling fluid into the capillary from interstitial fluid.
It is a large inert molecule that can not pass through capillary wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polarizing blocker.
N-2 Blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha-2 Agonist
decrease aqueous humor production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibit transport of Ca out of the cardiac cell into the interstitial fluid
Helps with Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduct ECF
Helps with Congestive Heart Failure |
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|
