Term
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Definition
– 91% water
– 9% dissolved solutes (hundreds of different solutes): |
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Term
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Definition
– 9% dissolved solutes (hundreds of different solutes):
• 7% proteins, important examples include:
• 2% other solutes, important examples include: |
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Term
| What are examples of proteins |
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Definition
– Albumin
– Immunoglobulins (=antibodies)
– Clotting factors |
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Term
What are important examples of "other solutes"? |
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Definition
– ions and minerals (e.g., Na, K, Cl, Ca)
– nutrients (e.g., glucose, amino acids)
– wastes (e.g., urea)
– hormones (e.g., adrenaline, cortisol, thyroid hormone) |
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Term
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Definition
| erythrocytes (RBCs) & leukocytes (WBCs) & platelets |
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Term
Describe the shape and composition of RBCs. |
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Definition
- RBCs are flattened biconcave discs
- Shape provides increased surface area for diffusion
- Lack nuclei & mitochondria
- Each RBC contains 280 million hemoglobin molecules (carry O2)
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Term
| What are the two categories of WBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Granular WBCs include what types of cells |
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Definition
neutrophils, eosinophils, basoophils |
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Term
| Agranular WBCs include what types of cells |
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Definition
| agranular (lymphocytes and monocytes) |
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Term
| Describe the structure and function of granular WBCs |
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Definition
• Can squeeze through capillary walls (diapedesis) and some are phagocytic (neutrophils) |
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Term
| Describe the structure and function of agranular WBCs |
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Definition
• Monocytes are phagocytic and undergo diapedesis |
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Term
Draw how fluid is distributed in the body. What % of fluid is intracellular and what percent is extracellular. Draw a diagram.
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Definition
1. Body water is divided into compartments that occupy a similar proportion of the body across mammalian species, as an approximate % of body wt: Extracellular Fluid is about 20% and Intracellular Fluid 40% of body wt. (1 gm= 1 mL).
[image]
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Term
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Two exchanges of substances, each governed by different key processes: |
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Definition
| plasma:interstitial fluid and interstitial fluid:cytosol. |
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Term
| What are the methods of transport in the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
a. Bulk Flow = macromolecular movement of fluid with solutes/particles; vessels & pores driven by pressure gradient
b. Diffusion = net movement of individual molecular species driven by a concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins |
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Term
| What is the first step in the blood clotting process. |
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Definition
Step 1: Platelet plug formation
Platelets bind to exposed tissue (collage) in the blood vessel wall. Form a Platelet Plug. Release seretonin which causes blood vessel constriction. Clotting factors (factors 1-7 present in plasma) participate in final steps of clot formation of Fibrin Clot. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aspirin inhibits platelet function |
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Term
| What is the second step in clot formation? |
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Definition
Step 2: Clot formation (10 minutes to 24 hours)
Requires functional clotting factors (I-XII). People or animals may lack adequate functional clotting factors. |
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Term
| What is the 3rd step in clot formation |
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Definition
| Step 3 (1-5 days)-tissue repair ("healing") |
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Term
| In a person at rest, where is most of the blood located (by volume)? |
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Definition
Veins and venules (65%).
Arteries (12%)
Pulmonary vessels (9%)
Arterioles and capillaries (7%)
Heart (7%) |
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Term
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Definition
are conduits for delivery of blood to peripheral tissues unchanged
-elasticity = ability to return to normal shape after distention (e.g., rubber band)
-compliance = distensibility (e.g., taffy, rubber band)
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Term
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Definition
resistance vessels of the peripheral circulation; terminal arteriolar smooth muscle (so-called pre-capillary sphincters) control blood distribution
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Term
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Definition
are exchange vessels; they are arranged in networks
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Term
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Definition
are capacitance vessels.
-highly compliant; they thus act as a reservoir for blood
-valves in the large veins which serve to guarantee one-way flow.
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Term
General Organization of vessel types: |
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Definition
ventricle→ arterial tree (large artery→→→ small artery)→ arteriole→ capillary(multiple) → venule→ venous system (small vein→ medium vein→ large vein→ vena cava) → atrium→ ventricle
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Term
| Functional characteristics of vessel types - |
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Definition
| functionally, vessel types vary in pressure (absolute magnitude and pulsatility), cross-sectional area (and surface area), and volume of blood contained therein (reservoir function). |
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