im not here to disscuss anything that we differ about, because it's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell ...

pg. 1 paragraph 1.

(Maclom X)

Anadiplosis 

Repitition of th elast word of one clause at the beginning of another clause.

Analogy

Using either a familiar object or idea to compare to a less familiar idea to help the listener/reader understand, OR using a well-accepted favorable idea to compare with a less-favorable one to gain audience approval or vice versa.

Im not here tonight to disscuss my religion. Im not here tonight to change your religion.Im not here to argue...

pg. 1 paragraph 1.

(Malcom X)

Anaphora

Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of a successful clauses.

...A friend of mine who's very dark put a turban on his head and went into a restaurant in Atlanta before they called themselves desegregated. He went into a white restaurant, he sat down, they served him, and he said, "What would happen if a Negro came in here? And there he's sitting, black as night, but because he had his head wrapped up the waitress looked back at him and says, "Why, there wouldn't no [Negro] dare come in here." 

pg. 6 paragraph 5

(Malcom X)

Anecdote

A briefly summarized story usually included to personalize an issue and connect emotionally with the reader/listener.

Antithesis

    Contrast of ideas created through parallel construction of opposite words, phrases, or clauses.

…the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.

Assonance

Intentional repetition of 3 or more vowel sounds among nearby words.

Asyndeton

       Deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series of related clauses.

All of us are going to catch the same hell from the same man.

pg. 1 paragraph 1

(Malcom X)

Bandwagon

Using peer pressure to make it seem like everyone else agrees with you.

[image]But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so we have come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

Bribery

Indicating that your audience will gain something from agreeing with you.

Colloquialism

 conversational/familiar language particular to a particular region or dialect. 

Consonance

Intentional repetition of 3 or more consonant sounds among nearby words.

Ellipsis

Intentional omission of a word or words that are readily implied by the context. 

Epanalepsis

    Repetition of the first word of a clause at the end of the same clause.

"All of us have suffered here, in this country, political oppression at the hands of the white man, economic exploitation at the hands of the white man, and social degradation at the hands of the white man. "

 - Malcom X

Epistrophe

repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses

Farce

extreme exaggeration of something that in reality may be quite logical to prove a point

Flattery

directly or indirectly complimenting the audience to get them on your side

Hyperbole

deliberate exaggeration of something to create an effect

... -- who just doesn't intend to turn the other cheek any longer. 

 - Malcom X

Idiom

an expression whose intended meaning is different than the literal meaning of the words used

No, no, we are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.

Inverted Syntax

 intentional balancing clauses within a sentence to create equality of development between ideas (a.k.a. balanced sentence)

Juxtaposition

putting normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases together to generate a novel (new/interesting) effect

One of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy.

- Malcolm X

Loaded Terms

Words that inspire deeply positive (purr words) or deeply negative reactions (weasel words)

This is our investment. This is our contribution, our blood. 

 - Malcolm X

Metaphor

 direct comparison of two unlike things

Name-Calling

directly or indirectly labeling those against you in a negative way

Opponents POV

acknowledge and refute opponent’s argument

Oxymoron

combining a pair of contradictory terms into a single unusual expression

Paradox

a statement of seemingly contrasting ideas, but seems to make sense upon further inspection

Parallelism (Repetition)

  intentional repetition of the same grammatical structure, which may also include a repeated word or phrase, in the same structural position at least 3 times in nearby sentences or segments of a sentence.

Parallelism (Syntax)

intentional balancing clauses within a sentence to create equality of development between ideas (a.k.a. balanced sentence)

Personification

an inanimate or abstract object is given human qualities

Whether we are Christians or Muslims or nationalists or agnostics or atheists, we must first learn to forget our differences.               -Malcom X

Polysyndeton

deliberate use of many conjunctions for special emphasis

You have been the veterans of creative suffering.

-MLK

Pun

a play on words created from words with multiple meanings or words that sound the same

It's got to be the ballot or the bullet.

-Malcom X

Rhetorical Fragment

intentional use of a sentence fragment to emphasize an idea

You know what is meant by "reciprocal"?

-Malcom X

Rhetorical Question

  question intentionally posed to generate thought, but not intended to be answered

The marvelous new militancy

-MLK

Sarcasm

form of verbal irony generally intended as a witty insult

Security

indicating your audience may suffer harm/negative consequence if they don’t agree with you

we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.

(MLK)

Simile

comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as"

let freedom ring!

-MLK

Slogan

a repeated phrase or idea that identifies the audience with an essential concept of a speech/campaign.

Symbol

an image, object, or character that stands for something intangible beyond its literal meaning

Understatement

deliberate representation of something as much less than it really is