Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transmits cauda equina; travels through sacrum |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior termination of sacrum |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 pairs- anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal. The ventral sacral foramina transmit ventral rami of spinal nerve S1-S4. Dorsal foramina transmit dorsal rami of spinal nerves S1-S4 |
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Term
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Definition
On Ventral (pelvic) surface.
Represent original separation between sacral bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| superior edge of ventral surface: separated abdominal region from pelvic region |
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Term
| Pedicles, Laminae, Superior articular processes (mamillary processes) |
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Definition
| Base is superior aspect of S1 and has these structures for articulation with L5. |
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Term
| Auricular Surface and Sacroiliac joint |
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Definition
| ear-shaped surface on the lateral border of the sacrum. This is where the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the sacroiliac joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior to auricular surface: area for sacroiliac ligament attachments |
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Term
| Middle Median Sacral Crest |
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Definition
| On dorsal surface- formed by fusion of 4 sacral spinous processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| on either side of the middle median sacral crest |
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Term
| Intermediate sacral crest |
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Definition
| lateral to the sacral grooves- it marks the fusion of the superior and inferior articular processes |
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Term
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Definition
| end of the intermediate crest which articulates with the coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral to dorsal sacral foramina: fusion of transverse processes of sacral vertebrae |
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Term
| Primary Ossification Centers- Sacrum |
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Definition
| Each sacral vertebrae has separate primary centers- appear in 4th embryo month. |
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Term
| Secondary Ossification Centers- Sacrum |
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Definition
| about 14 secondary growth centers throughout growth appear. In total- 35 centers of ossification. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by left and right pelvic bones (made of ilium, pubic, and ischium) |
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Term
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Definition
| forms part of acetabulum externally and part of the wall of the true (lesser) pelvis internally. |
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Term
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Definition
| separates body of ilium (inferior part) from the superior portion of ilium |
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Term
| Iliopubic or Iliopectineal eminence |
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Definition
| antero-interior edge, body joins superior ramus of pubis- forms this swelling (eminence) |
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Term
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Definition
| superior portion of ilium |
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Term
| Inferior, Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines |
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Definition
| On the external (gluteal surface) of the iliac blade. The lines separate the origins of the gluteal muscles. Lines extend from crest of ilium toward greater sciatic notch |
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Term
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Definition
| on the internal surface - provides origin for iliacus muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| superior to auricular surface- large rough area for attachment of interosseous sacroiliac ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| upper border of iliac blade- goes from ASIS to PSIS |
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Term
| Anterior Border of Iliac Blade |
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Definition
| from the ASIS to acetabulum, with AIIS between them |
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Term
| Posterior border of Iliac blade |
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Definition
| from PSIS to ischium, includes PIIS, forms upper border of the greater sciatic notch |
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Term
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Definition
| forms part of acetabulum; posteriorly forms the lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine, and part of the greater sciatic notch. |
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Term
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Definition
| gives origin to hamstring muscles and bears the weight of the trunk in the seated position |
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Term
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Definition
| forms ischiopubic ramus and the posterior border of the obturator foramen |
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Term
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Definition
| largest bone in the body. length can indicate body height |
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Term
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Definition
| internal surface forms part of the true (lesser) pelvis and supports urinary bladder; external (anterior) provides attachment for the adductor muscle group. Medially- provides surface which articulates with a fibrocartilagenous disc at the symphysis pubis |
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Term
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Definition
head and neck of femur projects superomedially from shaft.
in adults - about 125 degrees.
widest at birth (160 degrees). smaller in females |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| angle of femoral torsion = ANTEVERSION |
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Definition
line drawn horizontally through femoral condyles, the head and neck.
normal - 10 degrees.
greater than 30 degrees at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| spherical, smooth articular surface |
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Term
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Definition
| non-articular pit of the head of the femur - on the medial aspect for attachment of round ligament and ligamentum teres femoris. |
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Term
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Definition
| meets shaft anteriorly at intertrochanteric line and posteriorly at intertrochanteric crest. pitted with vascular foramina (nutrient artery)that supplies joint |
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Term
| femur - greater trochanter |
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Definition
| superolateral eminence at junction of neck and shaft. attaches gluteal muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short horizontal ridge at the upper border of the body, between the symphysis and pubic tubercle |
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Term
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Definition
| forms anterior superior margin of the pelvic bone and meets the ilium at the iliopubic eminence; also forms part of the acetabulum. |
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Term
| femur - trochanteric fossa |
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Definition
| deep pit on rough concave medial surface of greater trochanter |
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Term
| femur - intertrochanteric line |
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Definition
| anterior oblique ridge descends anteriorly to trochanters from greater to lesser. capsule of hip joint is attached. continues inferiorly and posteriorly as SPIRAL LINE |
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Term
| Pectineal Surface of Pubis |
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Definition
| superior surface that has a posterior edge lying between the pubic tubercle and the iliopubic eminece- known as the pecten pubis or pectineal line |
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Term
| femur - intertrochanteric crest |
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Definition
| descends posterioly from greater trochanter. connects the trochanters, thicker than intertrochanteric line. hop joint capsule doesn't attach |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by arcuate line and pubic crest- separates the greater(false) pelvis from the lesser (true) pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| at inferior anterior corner with pubic body, ramus is indented with this groove for the passage of the obturator nerve and vessels through the obturator foramen |
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Term
| femur - lesser trochanter |
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Definition
| small, conical eminence at posteromedial junction of neck and shaft. iliopsoas muscle inserts. located at inferior end of intertrochanteric crest |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior inferior margin of the pelvic bone |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior ramus of the pubis and the inferior ramus of the ischium; forms the inferior anterior border of the obturator foramen |
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Term
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Definition
| socket of hip joint where all three bones meet (pubis, ilium, and ischium) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
immediately inferior to and continuous with lesser trochancter of femur.
2 pectineal lines (femur and superior ramus of pubis) - attaches muscle pectineus |
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Term
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Definition
| interrupts the acetabular rim |
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Term
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Definition
| Articular surface of the acetabulum. C-shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| center of the acetabular that is non-articular |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior border of iliac blade and body of ischium; goes from PIIS to ischial spine |
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Term
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Definition
| bounded by ischiopubic ramus, body of ischium, body of pubis, and superior pubic ramus |
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Term
| Pelvic Bone- Primary Ossification Centers |
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Definition
| from 2-5 fetal month- pelvic bone begin to ossify from three primary centers (ilium, ischium, pubis) |
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Term
| Pelvic Bone- Secondary Ossification Centers |
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Definition
| age, 10- Y shaped area still left to be ossified (called triradiate cartilage) in the acetabulum. At puberty- get more secondary centers in iliac crest, acetabulum, pubic body, and ischial tuberosity. Fusion occurs between 15-25 years. |
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Term
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Definition
| lump midway along intertrochanteric crest that descends inferiorly. attaches quadratus femoris muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| develops in the quadriceps femoris tendon; transmits great tension of that muscle around the curve of the knee- reduces friction. patella displaces tendon away from axis of motion at the knee joint- increases mechanical advantage |
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Term
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Definition
| slightly convex anteriorly. inclined 10 degrees inferiomedially, bringing femoral condyles toward each other at knee. females - more oblique. anterior surface is smooth |
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Term
| Posterior Surface of Patella |
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Definition
| almost entirely articular, upper 3/4 forms a smooth articular area covered by articular cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| demarcates the larger lateral facet from the smaller medial facet (articulates with the coresponding femoral condyle) |
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Term
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Definition
| ridge on posterior surface of shaft for muscular and fascial attachment. has medial and lateral lips that diverge superiorly and inferiorly. large nutrient foramen near proximal end |
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Term
| medial lip of linea aspera |
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Definition
| superiorly derived from spiral line. pectineal line may merge with it |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches at the inferior 1/4 of posterior surface. The tendon is the part of the quadriceps tendon between the patella and its insetion on the tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| Lateral Dislocations of the Patella |
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Definition
| prevented by the large, projecting lateral condyle and by pull of vastus medialis. |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic dislocations of the patells because of poorly developed lateral condyle |
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Term
| lateral lip of linea aspera |
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Definition
| descends from gluteal tuberosity. diverges to form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. |
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Term
| Ossification Center of Patella |
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Definition
| Appears at 2-3 years and growth is completed at puberty |
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Term
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Definition
| elongated rough area inferolateral to intertrochanteric crest on shaft of femur. attachment of gluteus maximus muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| large medial bone of leg, receives and transmits most of body weight from femus to foot |
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Term
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Definition
| intersection of the transverse axis through the tibial condyles and the axis through the two malleolli. Angle is about 20 degrees in adults |
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Term
| Medial and Lateral Condyles |
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Definition
| at proximal end- two sides of the enlarges superior articular end of the tibia |
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Term
| medial supracondylar line |
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Definition
| ends posteroinferiorly at adductor tubercle (situated proximal to medial epicondyle of femur) |
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Term
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Definition
| top of condyles form this flattended area with large articular facets (slightly concave for articulation with the corresponding femoral condyles) |
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Term
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Definition
| between medial and lateral condyles; non-articular. |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular area between the two supracondular lines on femur |
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Term
| Medial and Lateral Intercondylar Tubercles |
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Definition
| two small projections on the intercondylar area. together they are known as the intercondylar eminence |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior to tubercles, broadened and depressed area |
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Term
| medial and lateral condyles |
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Definition
| articular prominences on distal end of femur, each anteroposteriorly broad and mediolaterally narrow |
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Term
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Definition
| on the medial condyle (posterior side) |
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Term
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Definition
| on posterolateral surface of lateral condyle |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when medial and lateral condyles join anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
| shin, sharpened by attachment of deep fascis of the leg- extending from the tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus (palpable and subcutaneous in its entirety) |
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Term
| intercondylar fossa (notch) of femur |
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Definition
| deeply separates medial and lateral condyles into inferior and posterior |
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Term
| Interosseous Border (lateral) of tibia |
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Definition
| interosseous membrane attaches here. Begins at fibular articular facet and distally divides to form anterior and posterior borders of fibular notch. |
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Term
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Definition
| site of important joint of the leg, the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis |
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Term
| medial and lateral epicondyles of femur |
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Definition
| roughened eminences (collateral ligament of knee) located proximally to their respective condyles on external aspect of femur. |
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Term
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Definition
| posteromedially on the shaft- continuous distally with the posterior margin of medial malleolus |
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Term
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Definition
| between anterior and medial borders; has no muscular attachments and is continuous with medial malleolus |
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Term
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Definition
| between anterior and interosseous borders |
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Term
| Posterior Surface of tibia |
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Definition
| between interosseous and medial borders. crossed by soleal (popliteal) line |
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Term
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Definition
| begins behind fibular facet and ends third of the way down the medial border |
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Term
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Definition
| midway from the soleal line, descends to lower third of the tibia |
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Term
| Nutrient Foramina of tibia |
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Definition
| found on or near vertical line |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 centers of ossification. |
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Term
| Distal End of Tibia- Anterior Surface |
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Definition
| continous with lateral surface of shaft |
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Term
| Distal end of Tibia- Posterior Surface |
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Definition
| has a slight groove for the tendon of flexor hallucis longus |
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Term
| Distal end of Tibia- Lateral Surface |
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Definition
| bears triangular fibular notch which articulates with the fibula at the tibiofibular syndesmosis |
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Term
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Definition
| slender lateral bone in leg. DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN KNEE JOINT. provides attachment for crural muscles and fascia |
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Term
| Distal end of Tibia- Inferior Surface |
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Definition
| articular surface (known as plafond) and has a slight sagittal ridge. Articulates with the trochlea of the talus and is continuous with the articular surface of the medial malleolus |
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Term
| Distal end of Tibia- Medial Surface |
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Definition
| bears inferior projection, the medial malleolus |
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Term
| Medial Malleolus- Medial surface |
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Definition
| subcutaneous, continuous with the medial surface of shaft |
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Term
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Definition
| proximal end. palpable with articular facet on its superomedial aspect for tibia at proximal (or superior tibificular) joint |
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Term
| Medial Malleolus- anterior border |
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Definition
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Term
| Medial Malleolus- posterior border |
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Definition
| ligament attachment; bears medial malleolar sulcus- for tendons of tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus |
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Term
| styloid process (apex) of fibula |
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Definition
| where head ends superolaterally. attachment for fibular collateral ligament and tendon of biceps femoris |
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Term
| Primary Ossification Center- Tibia |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary Centers of Ossification- Tibia |
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Definition
proximal end- usually from birth
distal end- 1-1 and 1/2 year
sometimes secondary centers appear in the tibial tuberosity and medial malleolus |
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Term
| Completion of Growth- Tibia |
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Definition
proximal end- 16-18 years
distal end- 15-17 years |
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Term
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Definition
| distal to the head, against which the common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve) can be palpated |
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Term
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Definition
| marked by ridges and planes. has 3 ridges and surfaces |
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Term
| anterior border of fibular shaft |
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Definition
| descendslaterally from head and ends by cifurcating to form boers of subcutaneous triangular area on lateral malleolus |
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Term
| subcutaneous triangular area |
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Definition
| palpable. where most ulcers occur |
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Term
| interosseous border (crest) of shaft of fibula |
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Definition
| faces interosseous border of tibia. starts anteromedially and close to anterior border. descends and end on apex of rough triangular surface on medial aspect of lateral malleolus. faces fibular notch of tibia in tibiofibular syndesmosis |
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Term
| posterior border of fibular shaft |
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Definition
| posterolaterally situated on shaft, extending from neck to posterior border of lateral malleolus |
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Term
| medial crest (crista medialis) - "partial border" - of shaft of fibula |
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Definition
| sharpest thing on fibula. on posterior surface, beginning below posteromedial aspect of head and continues 2/3 down shaft to join interosseous crest. divides upper 2/3 of posterior surface into posteriomedial and posterolateral surfaces |
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Term
| medial surface of fibular shaft |
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Definition
| between anterior and interosseous borders. very narrow superiorly, widest in middle. diamond shaped |
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Term
| lateral surface of fibular shaft |
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Definition
| between anterior and posterior borders. smooth, broad and slightly convex. upper portion faces laterally. lower portion faces posteriorly. continuous with lateral malleolar surface |
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Term
| posterior surface of fibular shaft |
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Definition
| between posterior and interosseous borders. largest of fibular surfaces. divided into posteromedial and posterolateral parts by medial crest. nutrient foramen located on posterolateral side |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of lateral malleolus with two borders and two surfaces. ends in apex. borders derived from bifurcation of anterior border of shaft |
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Term
| anterior border of distal end of fibula |
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Definition
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Term
| posterior border of distal end of fibula |
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Definition
| groove - lateral malleolar sulcus - for peroneal tendons |
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Term
| lateral surface of distal end of fibula |
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Definition
| subQ, continuous with subcutaneous triangular area of shaft |
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Term
| medial surface of distal end of fibula |
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Definition
| bears triangular, articular facet for talus. posteriorly to pit is the lateral malleolar fossa for ligament attachment. |
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Term
| primary center of ossification of fibula |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary center of ossification of fibula |
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Definition
distal epiphysis (1st yr)
proximal epiphysis (3rd yr) |
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Term
| completion of growth of fibula |
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Definition
distal end - 15-17 yrs
proximal end - 17-19 yrs |
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Term
| primary center of ossification of femur |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary center of ossification of femur |
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Definition
DISTAL END (9 months iu)
HEAD (end of 1st yr)
GREATER TROCHANTER (4th yr)
LESSER TROCHANTER(13th-14th yr) |
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Term
| completion of growth of femur |
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Definition
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