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Origins of Life
Vocabulary Review
29
Biology
9th Grade
03/12/2012

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Term
classification
Definition
grouping of objets or information based on similarities
Term
taxonomy
Definition
the branch of biology concerned with grouping and naming of organisms
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
system derived by Linnaeus that give each organism two names (in Latin)
• first name: identifies the genus
• second name: description of the organism
Term
genius
Definition
a group of closely related species
Term
family
Definition
a group of closely related genera
Term
order
Definition
a group of related families
Term
class
Definition
group of related orders
Term
phylum
Definition
a group of related classes in animals [ plants are called divisions
Term
divisions
Definition
groups of related classes in plants
Term
kingdom
Definition
group of related phyla (animals) or divisions (plants)
Term
phylogeny
Definition
the evolutionary history of a species
Term
protist
Definition
a eukaryotic organism that lacks complex organ systems and lives in moist environments
Term
fungus
Definition
a unicellular or multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote that absorbs nutrients by decomposing dead organisms and wastes in the environment
Term
virus
Definition
tiny non-living particles- cellular organism that cause disease
Term
host cell
Definition
the living cell in which viruses reproduce
Term
bacteriophage
Definition
a virus that infects bacteria
Term
lytic cycle
Definition
the process in which a virus infect a cell, reproduces and the kills the cell to release other viruses
Term
lysogenic cycle
Definition
viral reproductive cycle were the virus DNA becomes integrated into the host cell’s chromosome
Term
provirus
Definition
the name of a virus once it is inserted into the host cell chromosomes
Term
retrovirus
Definition
a RNA virus with most complex reproductive cycles
Term
reverse transcription
Definition
an enzym which copies viral RNA into DNA
Term
saprobe
Definition
organisms that feed on dead organisms or organic wastes
Term
obigate aerobe
Definition
bacteria that require oxygen for cellular respiration
Term
obligate anaerobe
Definition
bacteria that cannot use oxygen and are killed by it
Term
endospore
Definition
a hard covering structure that bacteria produce when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions
Term
toxin
Definition
a poison
Term
binary fission
Definition
bacteria asexually reproduction process
Term
conjugation
Definition
bacteria sexually reproduction process
Term
nitrogen fixation
Definition
process that used by bacteria enzymes to convert N2 gas into ammonia (NH3) which can be used by plants
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