• Perception
• -Definition
• -helps us make decisions to do what?
• - What does it influence?

is the process through which people receive, organize, and interpret information from the enviorment. 

-Guide our actions

-influence by: cultural background, valus, and other personal and situational curcumstance

Psychological contract

-definition

1. A way in hich perception influences indivdual behavior id through
2. set of expectations held by the individual about what will be given and received in the employment relationship.  

Components to the psychological contracts in perception and psychological contracts

-Contribution

-inducements

1. Contributions are work activiteies such as effort, time, creativity, and loyality
2. Inducements are what the organization gives to the indiviual in exchange for these contributions. such as: psy, fringe, benfits, training and opportunities for personal growth and advancement.

The ideal sitiation is one in which the exchange of values in the psychological contact is perceived as fair. Problems are likely when the psychological contract os perceived as unfair, unbalanced, or broken. Negative bahiors in the form of what when someone percceives that inducements are inadequatre to compensate for contribution?

Perception influenced indivual behavior through attribution

-definition

-example

The process of explaining events

Example: When you perceieve that someone else in a job or student group isnt performing up to the expectations ? How do u explain it? Depending on the explantation, what do you do to try and correct things?

Fundamental attribution error?

-denfition

- Example of someone producing poor-quality work?

- Possible external explanations for poor work example?

-overestimate internal factors and underestimate external factiors as influence on someones behvaior.

- Leader migh blame a lack of job skills or laziness an unwillingness to work hard enough. In response, the leader may try to resolve the problem through training, motivation, or even replacement

-Unrealistic time pressure or substandard technolofy, oppertunities to improve on these factors through mangerial action will probably be missed.

Attribution: Self serving Bias

-definition?

-example?

- Explains personal success by interal causes and personal failures by exteral cause.

- You can redinzeit as the "Its not my fault"

-example: blame your instructor for the poor grade. It causes us to neglect the need for personal change

Perception tendencie and distrotation: Sterotypes

-definition

- Occurs when attribution commonly associated w/ a group are assigned to an indiviual.

Example race, gender, age of bias perception

Perception tendencies: Halo Effects

-definition

-examples

-Occurs when one attribution is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.

-When meeting someone new for an example: the Halo effect may cause one trait such as a pleasant smile, positive first impression. OR manner of dressingg may cause a negative perception.

-Example of MANGERS: using big words means they are good workers even though that may no be true.

Perception of tendencies: Selective perceptions

- definition

-ways to Aviod negative selctive perception

- Is the tendency to single out for attention those aspects of a situatuon or person that reinforce one s exisiting beliefs, values , or need.

- gather and be open to inputs and optiions from many people

Peception tendencies: Projection

-definiton

-example

- The assigment of personal attributes to other individuals.

-A classic projection error is to assume a persons share our neeeds, desires, and values. EXAMPLE: You enjoy a lot of challenges at your work. You are now a team manger for what you think is dull and boring. Some team members like it but you dont. need to take to account there feelings

Perception /impression managment

-definition

- The systematic attempt to indluence how others perceive us.

- We dress good for work so that people think were percieve us as professional.

Personality

-definitoon

CHAPTER 15: Motivation and Needs

-definition

- Why cover motivation?

-Accounts for the level direction and persistence of effort to expended at work.

- Needs: is unfulfilled physiological and psychological desire.

- So we know how to structure the org. and hoe to respong to chaging situations in way tare beneficual for strong motivation.

Maslows Hieratchy of needs theory:

-What satisfies higher-order needs

-What satisfies lower-order needs

Hirearcy or needs: Deficit Principle and progression principle

-def

-example

-Deficit- States that a satified need is not a motivate bahavior.

-Progression: States that a need isnt acticated until the next lower-level need is satisfied.

Are expected to advance step by step up the hierarchy in search for these needs. This principle ends at the level of self actualization; the more these needs are satisdies the stronger they are supposed to grow.

ERG Theory:

-How did he change Masclows needs?

- ERG thor collapses Maslows 5 needs catrgories into 3.

- Existence needs: are desires for physicological and martial well-being

Frustration regression principle:

-Difference between ERG theory and Maslows thinking.