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ORGB EXM 2
chapter 6-9
45
Management
Undergraduate 3
10/02/2011

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Term
Learning
Definition
change in behavior acquired through experience
Term
Classical conditioning
Definition
process of modifying behavior by pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response.
Term
Operant conditioning
Definition
modifying behavior through the use of positive or negative consequences following specific behavior
Term
Positive Consequences
Definition
results of a behavior that a person finds attractive or pleasurable
Term
Negative Consequence
Definition
results of a behavior that a person finds unattractive or aversive.
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
a strategy to cultivate desirable behavior by either bestowing positive consequences or withholding negative consequences
Term
Punishment
Definition
a strategy to discourage undesirable behavior by either bestowing negative consequences or withholding positive consequences
Term
Extinction
Definition
a strategy to weaken a behavior by attaching no consequences to it.
Term
Task-specific self-efficacy
Definition
an individuals internal expectancy to perform a specific task effectively
Term
goal setting
Definition
process of establishing desired results that guide and direct behavior
Term
management by objectives (MBO)
Definition
goal-setting program based on interation and negotiation between employees and managers.
Term
performance managment
Definition
process defining, measurin, appraising, providing feedback on and improving performance
Term
performance appraisal
Definition
evaluation of a persons performance
Term
360-degree feedback
Definition
process of self-evaluation and evaluations by a manager, peers, direct reports and possibly customers
Term
consistency
Definition
informational cue indicating the frequency of behavior over time
Term
mentoring
Definition
work relationship that encourages development and career enhancement for people moving through the career cycle
Term
Effective Goals: S.M.A.R.T.
Definition
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-Bound
Term
Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Definition
asserts learning occurs when we observe other people and model their behavior
Term
Sources of Task Specific Self-Efficacy
Definition
Prior Experiences, Persuasion from others, Behavior Models, Assesment of current physical/emotional capabilities
Term
Goal Settings helps to
Definition
reduce stress,increase employee motivation, improve performance, clarifies task.
Term
Effective Appraisal Systems have 5 characteristics
Definition
Validity, Reliability, responsiveness, flexibility, and equitability.
Term
Reinforcement Schedules
Definition
Continuous, Intermittent, Fixed Ratio, Variable Ratio, Fixed Interval, Variable Interval.
Term
stress
Definition
unconcious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand
Term
stressor
Definition
person or event that triggers the stress response
Term
distress/strain
Definition
adverse pyschological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequences that may arise as a result of stressful events
Term
eustress
Definition
postive stress
Term
Team-oriented Rewards
Definition
emphasize cooperation and joint efforts, sharing of information and expertise
Term
Individual Rewards
Definition
independent behavior, creative thinking, problem solving, encourage competition.
Term
Correcting poor Performance
Definition
Identify primary cause or responsibility
Determine if personal or Organizational
Determine problem's source
Develop corrective plan of action
Term
Four Approaches to Stress
Definition
Homeostatic/Medical
Cognitive appraisal
Person-environment fit
Psychoanalytic
Term
Sources of Work Stree
Definition
Work Demands, Non Work Demands
Term
Types of Work Demands
Definition
Task Demands, Role Demands, Interpersonal Demands, Physical Demands
Term
Types of Non Work Demands
Definition
Home Demands, Personal Demands
Term
Workaholism
Definition
an imbalanced preoccupation with work at the expense of home and personal life satisfaction
Term
Type A Behavior Patterns
Definition
complex of personality and behavior characteristics
Term
Individual Stresses
Definition
Medical Illnesses, Psychological distress, behavioral problems
Term
Personality Hardiness
Definition
personality resistant to distress and characterized by commitment, control, challenge.
Term
Primary Prevention
Definition
attack Stress
Term
Secondary Prevention
Definition
attack response
Term
Tertiary Prevention
Definition
attack symptoms
Term
organizational primary prevention examples
Definition
job resign, goal setting, role negotiation.
Term
organizational secondary prevention examples
Definition
team building, social support at work
Term
individual preventive stress management
Definition
positive thinking, time management, lesisure time activity
Term
secondary prevention stress management
Definition
exercise, relaxation, diet
Term
teriary prevention stress management
Definition
opening up, professional help
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